本文關(guān)鍵詞：加拿大世界文化遺產(chǎn)的保護(hù)和利用，由筆耕文化傳播整理發(fā)布。

加拿大世界文化遺產(chǎn)的保護(hù)和利用

加拿大世界文化遺產(chǎn)的保護(hù)和利用

近幾年來(lái),全球化和現(xiàn)代化的加速發(fā)展使各國(guó)歷史文化遺產(chǎn)的完整性和存活狀態(tài)受到了嚴(yán)峻的挑戰(zhàn),世界遺產(chǎn)的保護(hù)、利用和開(kāi)發(fā)研究漸成學(xué)術(shù)界的熱點(diǎn)。特別是對(duì)國(guó)外世界遺產(chǎn)的研究,可以為我國(guó)世界遺產(chǎn)的保護(hù)和開(kāi)發(fā)工作提供重要的借鑒。相比我國(guó)來(lái)說(shuō),加拿大的世界遺產(chǎn)數(shù)量并不多,但加拿大是世界上最早出臺(tái)國(guó)家公園法的國(guó)家之一,是世界上第一個(gè)設(shè)立專(zhuān)門(mén)的國(guó)家級(jí)公園管理機(jī)構(gòu)的國(guó)家,在長(zhǎng)期的遺產(chǎn)管理實(shí)踐中積累了豐富的經(jīng)驗(yàn),學(xué)習(xí)加拿大世界文化遺產(chǎn)保護(hù)和利用的歷史經(jīng)驗(yàn)并加以借鑒和利用,對(duì)于我國(guó)的世界遺產(chǎn)管理能夠起到良好的推動(dòng)作用。我國(guó)國(guó)內(nèi)對(duì)加拿大世界文化遺產(chǎn)保護(hù)和利用的系統(tǒng)研究至今仍較少,本文致力于加拿大世界文化遺產(chǎn)保護(hù)和利用的歷史經(jīng)驗(yàn)的研究,以加拿大現(xiàn)有的六處世界文化遺產(chǎn)為研究對(duì)象,以大量詳實(shí)、原始的英文資料為基礎(chǔ),全面淺析淺析加拿大六處世界文化遺產(chǎn)保護(hù)和利用的具體措施,淺析淺析其面對(duì)不同壓力下的具體措施,歸納其遺產(chǎn)保護(hù)和利用的共同點(diǎn)。文章同時(shí)結(jié)合我國(guó)世界文化遺產(chǎn)保護(hù)和利用近況,運(yùn)用縱橫比較、歸納總結(jié)的策略,找出國(guó)內(nèi)外遺產(chǎn)保護(hù)和利用的差距,淺析淺析深層理由,提出解決措施,為我國(guó)文化遺產(chǎn)保護(hù)和利用工作提供可能的推動(dòng)方案。加拿大國(guó)家公園管理局有130多年的歷史,是加拿大世界遺產(chǎn)公約的執(zhí)行領(lǐng)導(dǎo)機(jī)構(gòu),加拿大世界遺產(chǎn)管理的具體執(zhí)行單位。1884年加拿大第一個(gè)國(guó)家公園班夫國(guó)家公園成立,1886年加拿大第一部國(guó)家公園法《落基山公園法》通過(guò),自此,加拿大的國(guó)家公園建設(shè)及其相應(yīng)立法建設(shè)就走上了正規(guī)道路。加拿大六處世界文化遺產(chǎn)中的四處由國(guó)家公園管理局全面或參與管理,其余兩處由于土地所有權(quán)不足而由所在省、市政府管理。不管由誰(shuí)來(lái)管理,對(duì)遺產(chǎn)的保護(hù)利用的原則是不變的:寧肯限制旅游發(fā)展的規(guī)模也要保護(hù)遺產(chǎn)的完整性和真實(shí)性。如:為了保護(hù)梅多斯公園的考古資源,挖掘出的文物又被就地掩埋。為了保護(hù)岡瓜伊村落的紀(jì)念柱和房屋,管理方規(guī)定游客團(tuán)體人數(shù)不得超過(guò)12人且必須全程由公園警衛(wèi)監(jiān)督,不鼓勵(lì)大型客船到島嶼來(lái)旅游等等。加拿大120多年的國(guó)家公園管理經(jīng)驗(yàn)其實(shí)就是文化遺產(chǎn)與自然遺產(chǎn)的保護(hù)和利用的經(jīng)驗(yàn),研究并學(xué)習(xí)加拿大世界遺產(chǎn)管理的經(jīng)驗(yàn)和教訓(xùn),總結(jié)其對(duì)我國(guó)世界遺產(chǎn)保護(hù)和利用工作的啟迪,有助于我們更好地做好我國(guó)世界遺產(chǎn)的保護(hù)和利用工作,為子孫后代保護(hù)好我們的寶藏,為中華民族造福,為全人類(lèi)造福。

【Abstract】 Over these years, the more rapidly pace of globalization and modernization made great challenges to the integrity and state of conservation of cultural heritage in the whole world. It becomes hot topics for the study of protection, use and development of world heritage. It is very important and helpful to study the world heritages overseas.There are not so many world heritages in Canada, compared with China, but Canada is one of the earliest countries to have passed national parks legislation, it is the first one to set up the national parks administrative organization and thus is very experienced in the administration of world cultural heritage. It would be very helpful for us to study and learn from Canada’s historical experiences of protection and use of world cultural heritage.There is still few studies on the systemic studies of Canadian world cultural heritage in China. This thesis is a study of protection and use of world cultural heritage in Canada. It takes the six world cultural heritages in Canada, based on plenty of raw English materials, takes an overall view of Canada’s protective measures about world cultural heritages, analyzes the measures they took to deal with the stresses and situations and then draws a conclusion about heritage’s protection and use in Canada. Besides these, the author describes features of China’s protection and use of world cultural heritage, through means of comparison and summarization, and find the difference and disparity between the two nations, and then the underneath real reason to analyze and sum up, thus to help work out a practical scheme for China’s protection of world cultural heritage.Parks Canada Agency is a very important organization which can be traced back to 1970’s, over 130 years’ history. It is the lead agency for the implementation of the World Heritage Convention, also the administrative agency of the most world heritages in Canada. In 1884, the first Canadian national park Banff National Park was set up, and in 1886, the first act for national parks, Rocky Mountains Park Act, was passed. From then on, the building of national parks and the corresponding legislation began.Of the six world cultural heritage of Canada, four are administrated thoroughly or partly by Parks Canada Agency, the other two are administrated by the provincial or municipal governments because of the land ownerships. No matter of who is the administrator, the principle of the protection and use of world cultural heritage is the same: the most important thing is to protect the integrity and authenticity of the heritages, for example, in L’Anse aux Meadows National Historic Site, at the beginning of excavation, following each period, the site was reburied, in an effort to protect and conserve the cultural resources. in SGang Gwaay, the size of parties landing on shore at any one time restricted to 12_and they must be supervised by Watchmen staff at all times, Large passenger vessels have been encouraged to go elsewhere.Canada’s administrative experience of national parks over 120 years is the experience of protection and use of world cultural heritage. To study its experience and learn from its lessons would be helpful for us to make it better to protect and use our cultural heritages, which would be great benefit for our future generations, for the Chinese nation, for the whole world.

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  本文關(guān)鍵詞：加拿大世界文化遺產(chǎn)的保護(hù)和利用，由筆耕文化傳播整理發(fā)布。