人民的勞動力參與是國家經(jīng)濟(jì)增長和經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展的普遍因素。目前,發(fā)展中國家的大多數(shù)人口都沒有勞動力,導(dǎo)致該國的發(fā)展不足。本研究的主要目的是研究和預(yù)測巴基斯坦勞動力參與公共衛(wèi)生政策的短期和長期關(guān)系。該研究選擇了八個指標(biāo)來深入衡量巴基斯坦的公共衛(wèi)生政策。這八項(xiàng)指標(biāo)在公共政策中被認(rèn)為是最合適的,因?yàn)樗w了與健康有關(guān)的問題,主要是教育、經(jīng)濟(jì)問題和個人收入等問題。更高級的勞動力是巴基斯坦經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展的引擎。由于勞動力與巴基斯坦國內(nèi)生產(chǎn)總值增長率存在正相關(guān)關(guān)系,它促進(jìn)了經(jīng)濟(jì)擴(kuò)張并增加了該國的國內(nèi)生產(chǎn)總值。此外,該研究依賴于從世界發(fā)展指標(biāo)(WDI)和巴基斯坦統(tǒng)計(jì)局收集的四十五年(1972-2016)期間的時間序列數(shù)據(jù),這有助于全面描述勞動力參與的情況。該研究使用自回歸分布滯后(ARDL).和綁定測試來確定短期和長期關(guān)系。此外,該研究還使用累積殘差和(CUSUM)和殘差平方累積和(CUSUMSQ)來確定發(fā)現(xiàn)的穩(wěn)定性。研究結(jié)果表明,大多數(shù)解釋變量與該國的勞動力參與有顯著的短期和長期關(guān)系。具體而言,年齡依賴、衛(wèi)生支出、中學(xué)入學(xué)率、貿(mào)易開放度和資本形成總額是影響該國勞動力供給的最普遍因素。此外,通過CUSUM和CU...

【文章頁數(shù)】：148 頁

【學(xué)位級別】：博士

【文章目錄】：
摘要
Abstract
GLOSSAARY OF TERMS AND ABBREVIATIONS
Chapter 1
    1.1 ntroduction
    1.2 Labor force participation
        1.2.1 abor Force Participation in Pakistan
        1.2.2 Poor Labor Force and high Unemployment in Pakistan
        1.2.3 Labor Force participation and Economic Growth
    1.3 Endogeneity of Health
    1.4 Public Health policy and Pakistan
    1.5 Female Labor Force Participation in Pakistan
    1.6 Composition of Working Female in Pakistan
    1.7 Background of the Study
    1.8 Problem Statement or Personal Motivation of the Study
    1.9 Research Questions of the Study
    1.10 Objectives of the Study
    1.11 Expected Contribution
        1.11.1 Theoretical Contribution
        1.11.2 Practical Contribution
    1.12 Chapter to Come
    1.13 Summary
Chapter 2 Literature Review
    2.1 ntroduction
    2.2 Theoretical Foundation of The Study
        2.2.1 Human Capital Theory
    2.3 Empherical Support
        2.3.1 Health Expenditure and Labor Force Participation
        2.3.2 Education and Labor Force Participation
        2.3.3 Population/Physician Per Bed-Doctors and Labor Force Participation
        2.3.4 Trade Openness and Labor Force Participation
        2.3.5 Infant Mortality Rate and Labor Force Participation
        2.3.6 Life Expectancy and Labor Force Participation
        2.3.7 Age Dependency and Labor Force Participation
    2.4 Gross Capital Formation and Labor Force Participation
        2.4.1 Evidence from Pakistan
    2.5 Proposed Hypotheses of The Study
    2.6 Summary
Chapter 3 Methodology of The Study
    3.1 Introduction
    3.2 Nature of The Study
        3.2.1 Research Philosophy and Paradigm
    3.3 The Variables
        3.3.1 Dependent Variable
            3.3.1.1 Labor Force Participation
        3.3.2 Independent Variables (Health Inputs)
            3.3.2.1 Health Expenditure
            3.3.2.2 Population Per Bed Doctor
            3.3.2.3 Age Dependency
            3.3.2.4 Life Expectancy at Birth
            3.3.2.5 Infant Mortality Rate(IMR)
            3.3.2.6 Trade Openness (TO)
            3.3.2.7 Gross Capital Formation
            3.3.2.8 Secondary School Enrollment
    3.4 The Data
    3.5 Population of The Study
    3.6 Statistical Tools
        3.6.1 Autocorrelation or Serial Correlation
        3.6.2 Model of The Study
        3.6.3 Testing for Unit Root (Measure Stationarity)
        3.6.4 Johansen Co-integration Test
        3.6.5 The Auto Regressive Distributed Lagged (ARDL) Model
        3.6.6 Model Selection (Akaike Information Criterion AIC)
        3.6.7 The Diagnostic and Stability test
        3.6.8 Granger Causality Test
        3.6.9 Variance Decomposition and Impulse Response Function
    3.7 Summary
Chapter 4 Results of The Study
    4.1 Introduction
    4.2 Descriptive Statistics:
    4.3 Correlation Matrix
    4.4 Auto Regressive Distributed Lagged (ARDL)
    4.5 The Bound ARDL test
    4.6 The result of the Model Selection,Akaike information criterion (AIC)
    4.7 Result of the Stability Test
    4.8 Result of the Stationarity Test
    4.9 Variance Decomposition of The Study
    4.10 Hypothesis Testing of The Study
    4.11 Summary
Chapter 5 Discussion,Expected Contributions,Conclusion and Limitation of The Study
    5.1 Introduction
        5.1.1 Discussion
        5.1.2 Conclusion
        5.1.3 Implication of The Study
        5.1.4 Limitation of The Study
References
Acknowledgements
List of Publications



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