中亞五國(guó)和中國(guó)社會(huì)政策與社會(huì)問題的比較研究
發(fā)布時(shí)間：2019-05-13 08:46
【摘要】： 1991年中亞五國(guó)成為了獨(dú)立的主權(quán)國(guó)家：1978年中國(guó)實(shí)行了改革開放的政策。 中亞五國(guó)和中國(guó)現(xiàn)在正處于由計(jì)劃經(jīng)濟(jì)向市場(chǎng)經(jīng)濟(jì)轉(zhuǎn)變的過渡期。由于經(jīng)濟(jì)基礎(chǔ)、歷史文化傳統(tǒng)、民族狀況、人們心理因素的影響，每個(gè)國(guó)家實(shí)行了不盡相同的社會(huì)政策，并出現(xiàn)了不同的社會(huì)問題。本文通過分析中亞五國(guó)和中國(guó)的社會(huì)政策和社會(huì)問題的異同點(diǎn)，力求揭示中亞和中國(guó)作為轉(zhuǎn)型國(guó)家，社會(huì)發(fā)展進(jìn)程中帶有的規(guī)律性的東西。全文由導(dǎo)論和六章組成，約12萬字。 導(dǎo)論 第一節(jié)說明了本文的寫作目的和欲突破的難點(diǎn)，扼要地介紹了當(dāng)前學(xué)術(shù)界在中亞研究和中國(guó)社會(huì)問題研究所取得的成果，以及論文寫作過程。第二節(jié)介紹了中亞五國(guó)和中國(guó)的基本情況。 第一章 中亞國(guó)家獨(dú)立前和中國(guó)改革開放前的社會(huì)政策和社會(huì)問題。 蘇聯(lián)時(shí)期，中亞五國(guó)名義上是獨(dú)立的主權(quán)國(guó)家，實(shí)際上執(zhí)行的是蘇聯(lián)的統(tǒng)一的社會(huì)政策。改革開放前的中國(guó)，作為傳統(tǒng)意義上的社會(huì)主義國(guó)家，和中亞一樣，實(shí)行的是閉關(guān)的政策，政治上是共產(chǎn)黨的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)；經(jīng)濟(jì)上是高度集中的計(jì)劃經(jīng)濟(jì)體制。但由于多種因素的影響，中亞國(guó)家和中國(guó)社會(huì)政策與社會(huì)問題不盡相同，各有特點(diǎn)。 第二章 中亞五國(guó)獨(dú)立后與中國(guó)改革開放后的變化 中亞五國(guó)獨(dú)立后，面前有相當(dāng)多的困難和難題需要解決，特別是要解決當(dāng)時(shí)嚴(yán)重威脅到國(guó)家獨(dú)立和生存的經(jīng)濟(jì)危機(jī)和社會(huì)穩(wěn)定問題，以及如何走向國(guó)際社會(huì)的問題。經(jīng)過十年的發(fā)展，中亞國(guó)家基本擺脫了經(jīng)濟(jì)危機(jī)，人民生活開始改善，社會(huì)走上了良性發(fā)展的軌道。 1978年12月，中國(guó)共產(chǎn)黨召開了十一屆三中全會(huì)，中國(guó)從此走上了改革開放的道路。以鄧小平為核心的中共第二代領(lǐng)導(dǎo)集體，以江澤民同志為代表的中共第三代領(lǐng)導(dǎo)集體，堅(jiān)持以經(jīng)濟(jì)建設(shè)為中心，堅(jiān)持改革開放，使我國(guó)逐步由計(jì)劃經(jīng)濟(jì)向市場(chǎng)經(jīng)濟(jì)過渡，人民的生活明顯改善，綜合國(guó)力迅速增強(qiáng)，國(guó)際地位顯著提升。 盡管中亞五國(guó)獨(dú)立后與中國(guó)改革開放后的變化有相同之處，但也存在明顯的不同。 第三章 中亞五國(guó)和中國(guó)社會(huì)發(fā)展戰(zhàn)略與社會(huì)政策 社會(huì)發(fā)展戰(zhàn)略是對(duì)社會(huì)發(fā)展有重大影響的、帶全局性的、或決定全局的謀劃。社會(huì)政策是為實(shí)現(xiàn)社會(huì)發(fā)展的任務(wù)而采取的方法與手段。中亞五國(guó)獨(dú)立后和中國(guó)實(shí)行改革開放以來，在原有的社會(huì)發(fā)展基礎(chǔ)上制定了新的社會(huì)發(fā)展戰(zhàn)略，并推出了各種與之相適應(yīng)的社會(huì)政策，由此導(dǎo)致社會(huì)領(lǐng)域的各個(gè)方面都發(fā)生了變化。 第四章 中亞五國(guó)與中國(guó)社會(huì)領(lǐng)域的變化 中亞五國(guó)體制的轉(zhuǎn)軌，導(dǎo)致了中亞各國(guó)政治形勢(shì)和經(jīng)濟(jì)形勢(shì)都發(fā)生了重大的變化，使社會(huì)政策、社會(huì)形勢(shì)也隨之改變，社會(huì)問題明顯增多。中國(guó)改革開放20多年來，政治、經(jīng)濟(jì)等方面同樣發(fā)生了巨大的變化，社會(huì)領(lǐng)域也發(fā)生了很大的變化。 第五章 中亞五國(guó)和中國(guó)現(xiàn)有的社會(huì)問題 任何社會(huì)問題都是時(shí)代的產(chǎn)物，因而帶有時(shí)代的特征。中亞國(guó)家和中國(guó)目前正處于社會(huì)轉(zhuǎn)型時(shí)期，各種社會(huì)問題都帶有轉(zhuǎn)型的痕跡和特征。社會(huì)問題包含的內(nèi)容較多，在中亞和中國(guó)目前存在的一些較為嚴(yán)重的社會(huì)問題表現(xiàn)在：失業(yè)、貧困、犯罪、人口、生態(tài)、科教文衛(wèi) 等方面。 第六章與中亞五國(guó)和中國(guó)社會(huì)變化有關(guān)的兒個(gè)問題 中亞五國(guó)與中國(guó)近年來社會(huì)都發(fā)生了很大的變化，這種變化明顯與物質(zhì)條件的變化、人 們的觀念變化和社會(huì)控制能力的變化有關(guān)。在上述各方面，中亞五國(guó)與中國(guó)存在共同點(diǎn)，但 也有很多的不同。這種同與不同的背后存在政策的層面，同時(shí)也存在規(guī)律性的東西。同時(shí)，， 社會(huì)政策、社會(huì)問題與改革、發(fā)展、穩(wěn)定也有著直接的關(guān)系。
[Abstract]:In 1991, the five countries of Central Asia became an independent and sovereign state. In 1978, China adopted the policy of reform and opening-up. The five Central Asian countries and China are now in a planned economy The transition period of the transformation of the farm economy is due to the influence of the economic base, the historical and cultural traditions, the national conditions and the psychological factors of the people. This paper, through the analysis of the similarities and differences of the social policy and the social problems of the five countries in Central Asia and China, tries to reveal Central Asia and China as the transition countries and the process of social development Something with regularity. The full text is from Introduction and VI. The first section of the introduction explains the purpose of writing and the difficult points to break through, and briefly introduces the research of the current academic circles in Central Asia and the Chinese society The results achieved by the Research Institute, as well as the writing process of the paper The second section describes the basic situation of the five Central Asian countries and China. Chapter I social policy and social problems before and after the independence of Central Asian countries and before the reform and opening-up of China. In the period of the Soviet Union, the five countries of Central Asia, on the name of the five Central Asian countries, are independent and sovereign states, and actually implement the unified social policy of the Soviet Union. China, a former socialist country in the traditional sense, and Central Asia, as a traditional socialist country Like, it is a closed policy that is politically the leader of the Communist Party, and the economy is a highly concentrated, planned economy System. But due to the impact of a number of factors, the Central Asian States and China The social policy and the social problem are not the same, each has the characteristic. In the second chapter, the five countries in Central Asia and the changes of China's reform and opening-up After the independence of the five Central Asian countries, the five Central Asian countries have a phase The more difficult and difficult problems need to be addressed, in particular to address the economic crisis and social stability that was a serious threat to the independence and survival of the country at that time With the development of the decade, the Central Asian countries have basically rid themselves of the economic crisis, the people In December 1978, the Communist Party of China convened the Third Plenary Session of the Eleventh Central Committee, and China has embarked on the path of reform and opening-up. The Third Party of the Communist Party of China On behalf of the leading collective, we should adhere to the construction of the economy as the center and adhere to the reform and opening-up and reform and opening-up, so that our country will gradually move The transition of the farm economy, the improvement of the people's life and the comprehensive national strength in spite of that independence of the five Central Asian states, The changes of the country's reform and opening-up have the same place, but there are distinct differences. In the third chapter, the five countries of Central Asia and China's social development strategy and the social policy social development strategy are of great influence on the development of the society, with the whole or the decision of the whole plan of the whole. The approach taken to fulfil the task of social development Since the independence of the five Central Asian countries and the implementation of the reform and opening-up in China, a new social development strategy has been developed on the basis of the original social development, and various social and social policies are introduced. All aspects of the social sphere have changed, and the five Central Asian countries and the Chinese society Change in the domain of Central Asia 5 The transition of the State system has led to the political situation and economic situation of the Central Asian countries Major changes have taken place, and the social policy and the social situation have changed, and the social problems are obviously increased. With the opening of the leather for more than 20 years, there has also been a great change in politics, economy and so on, and there has also been a great change in the social field. the five and the medium Any society in which the State has a social problem The problems are the products of the times and have the characteristics of the times. Central Asian countries and China are now in the period of social transformation All kinds of social problems have the traces and features of the transformation. Social issues include more and more in Central Asia and China Some of the more serious The social problems of unemployment, poverty, crime, population, ecology and science and education And so on.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：中國(guó)社會(huì)科學(xué)院研究生院
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2003
【分類號(hào)】：D736
本文編號(hào)：2475748
[Abstract]:In 1991, the five countries of Central Asia became an independent and sovereign state. In 1978, China adopted the policy of reform and opening-up. The five Central Asian countries and China are now in a planned economy The transition period of the transformation of the farm economy is due to the influence of the economic base, the historical and cultural traditions, the national conditions and the psychological factors of the people. This paper, through the analysis of the similarities and differences of the social policy and the social problems of the five countries in Central Asia and China, tries to reveal Central Asia and China as the transition countries and the process of social development Something with regularity. The full text is from Introduction and VI. The first section of the introduction explains the purpose of writing and the difficult points to break through, and briefly introduces the research of the current academic circles in Central Asia and the Chinese society The results achieved by the Research Institute, as well as the writing process of the paper The second section describes the basic situation of the five Central Asian countries and China. Chapter I social policy and social problems before and after the independence of Central Asian countries and before the reform and opening-up of China. In the period of the Soviet Union, the five countries of Central Asia, on the name of the five Central Asian countries, are independent and sovereign states, and actually implement the unified social policy of the Soviet Union. China, a former socialist country in the traditional sense, and Central Asia, as a traditional socialist country Like, it is a closed policy that is politically the leader of the Communist Party, and the economy is a highly concentrated, planned economy System. But due to the impact of a number of factors, the Central Asian States and China The social policy and the social problem are not the same, each has the characteristic. In the second chapter, the five countries in Central Asia and the changes of China's reform and opening-up After the independence of the five Central Asian countries, the five Central Asian countries have a phase The more difficult and difficult problems need to be addressed, in particular to address the economic crisis and social stability that was a serious threat to the independence and survival of the country at that time With the development of the decade, the Central Asian countries have basically rid themselves of the economic crisis, the people In December 1978, the Communist Party of China convened the Third Plenary Session of the Eleventh Central Committee, and China has embarked on the path of reform and opening-up. The Third Party of the Communist Party of China On behalf of the leading collective, we should adhere to the construction of the economy as the center and adhere to the reform and opening-up and reform and opening-up, so that our country will gradually move The transition of the farm economy, the improvement of the people's life and the comprehensive national strength in spite of that independence of the five Central Asian states, The changes of the country's reform and opening-up have the same place, but there are distinct differences. In the third chapter, the five countries of Central Asia and China's social development strategy and the social policy social development strategy are of great influence on the development of the society, with the whole or the decision of the whole plan of the whole. The approach taken to fulfil the task of social development Since the independence of the five Central Asian countries and the implementation of the reform and opening-up in China, a new social development strategy has been developed on the basis of the original social development, and various social and social policies are introduced. All aspects of the social sphere have changed, and the five Central Asian countries and the Chinese society Change in the domain of Central Asia 5 The transition of the State system has led to the political situation and economic situation of the Central Asian countries Major changes have taken place, and the social policy and the social situation have changed, and the social problems are obviously increased. With the opening of the leather for more than 20 years, there has also been a great change in politics, economy and so on, and there has also been a great change in the social field. the five and the medium Any society in which the State has a social problem The problems are the products of the times and have the characteristics of the times. Central Asian countries and China are now in the period of social transformation All kinds of social problems have the traces and features of the transformation. Social issues include more and more in Central Asia and China Some of the more serious The social problems of unemployment, poverty, crime, population, ecology and science and education And so on.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：中國(guó)社會(huì)科學(xué)院研究生院
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2003
【分類號(hào)】：D736
【共引文獻(xiàn)】
相關(guān)期刊論文 前10條
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