【摘要】：關(guān)于俄羅斯村社變遷的研究,大都是基于歷史視角,集中注意力于村社組織的變遷,追溯其原始氏族公社的起源,從時(shí)間的維度詳細(xì)記述其各個(gè)階段村社組織、職能、性質(zhì)等的變遷過程。本文嘗試以村社組織變遷與村社成員的村社認(rèn)同變遷為線索,探究村社歷史發(fā)展和變遷的過程,在對(duì)村社歷史發(fā)展脈絡(luò)有著整體認(rèn)識(shí)的同時(shí),獲知村社產(chǎn)生、發(fā)展和衰落的內(nèi)在原因和發(fā)展邏輯。 從俄羅斯村社的歷史演變?nèi)胧?可以從宏觀上展現(xiàn)出村社的變遷過程,但這種變遷需要?dú)v史線索來貫穿。其一,作為一個(gè)組織機(jī)構(gòu),俄羅斯村社有著自己的機(jī)構(gòu)設(shè)置。通過分析其村社大會(huì)、“長(zhǎng)老會(huì)議”以及村社社長(zhǎng)的地位和作用的變化,使人們看到村社組織這一有機(jī)統(tǒng)一體的高度凝聚力。由于村社組織強(qiáng)有力的聚合力,社員對(duì)村社的認(rèn)同也會(huì)加深,自然會(huì)統(tǒng)一在村社組織之下,村社組織的變遷是村社認(rèn)同變化的重要影響因子。 其二,村社組織結(jié)構(gòu)的變化必然會(huì)造成作為一種公共組織的村社出現(xiàn)職能的調(diào)整,俄羅斯村社在不同的歷史時(shí)期有著不盡相同的職能運(yùn)作方式。村社作為農(nóng)村基層的行政組織和社會(huì)組織,社員可以利用這一組織自主管理村社事務(wù),其管理及服務(wù)社員的過程有著濃厚的非官方色彩。然而隨著歷史的發(fā)展,村社逐漸被納入國(guó)家管理體系,其官方色彩加重,自主管理的自治屬性與官方行政屬性并存,而這種雙重屬性勢(shì)必影響村社成員對(duì)村社的認(rèn)同。 其三,村社認(rèn)同作為一種意識(shí)形態(tài),尤其是一種涉及情感、態(tài)度、價(jià)值觀等方面的意識(shí)形態(tài)概念,它的形成和變遷自然無法脫離村社內(nèi)部氛圍及村社文化傳統(tǒng)的影響。社員的日常交往、行為方式、相互關(guān)系,村社自身的政治、經(jīng)濟(jì)、宗教文化傳統(tǒng),都成為影響村社認(rèn)同的直觀因素。 本文試圖通過宏觀上對(duì)俄羅斯村社歷史、組織架構(gòu)、職能運(yùn)作等方面的變遷過程進(jìn)行梳理,以及微觀上對(duì)社員意識(shí)、宗族關(guān)系、宗教觀念等方面的探索,從而獲得俄羅斯村社變遷的整體了解。
[Abstract]:Most of the studies on the changes of Russian villages are based on the historical perspective, focusing on the changes of Yu Cun's organization, tracing back to the origin of their primitive clan communes, and describing in detail the organization and functions of the villages in each stage from the dimension of time. The process of change in nature, etc. This paper attempts to explore the process of the historical development and change of the village community, taking the organizational change of the village community and the change of the village community identity of the members of the village community as the clue, and at the same time having an overall understanding of the historical development of the village community, knowing that the village society came into being. The internal causes and logic of development and decline. Starting with the historical evolution of Russian village cooperatives, we can show the process of village community changes from a macro point of view, but this change needs historical clues to run through. First, as an organization, the Russian Village Society has its own institutional setting. By analyzing the changes of the status and function of the village society general assembly, the "council of elders" and the president of the village community, people can see the high cohesion of the organic unity of the village community organization. Due to the strong cohesion of village community organization, the recognition of village community will be deepened, and it will be unified under the village community organization, and the change of village community organization is an important influencing factor of village community identity change. Second, the change of the organizational structure of the village community will inevitably lead to the adjustment of the functions of the village community as a public organization, and the Russian village community has different functional operation modes in different historical periods. As an administrative organization and social organization at the grass-roots level in rural areas, members can use this organization to manage village affairs independently, and its management and service process has a strong unofficial color. However, with the development of history, the village community has been gradually brought into the national management system, its official color is aggravated, the autonomy attribute of independent management coexists with the official administrative attribute, and this dual attribute is bound to affect the identity of the village community members to the village society. Third, as an ideology, especially an ideological concept involving emotion, attitude, values and so on, the formation and change of village community identity can not be separated from the influence of the internal atmosphere of village community and the cultural tradition of village society. The daily communication, behavior, relationship and the political, economic, religious and cultural traditions of the village community have become the intuitive factors that affect the identity of the village community. This paper attempts to sort out the changing process of the history, organizational structure and function operation of Russian village cooperatives from a macro point of view, as well as the micro-exploration of membership consciousness, clan relations, religious concepts and so on. In order to obtain the overall understanding of the changes of Russian villages.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：華中師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2012
【分類號(hào)】：D751.2

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本文編號(hào)：2473028