【摘要】：革命者在革命中都會宣布革命對象違法,但只要不是以"砸爛一切"為目標的極端主義,都會依據(jù)某種標準從現(xiàn)存事物中認定出合法部分,這些合法的部分應該從革命對象中排除。1861年改革之后,俄國出現(xiàn)了私有土地,在俄國民粹派看來,當時俄國面臨的是社會主義革命,全部私有土地都是革命對象,沒有排除情況,也就無所謂排除標準。但在俄國自由主義和列寧主義看來,當時俄國面臨的是民主革命,雖然現(xiàn)存的私有土地大部分是革命對象,但還是有一些私有土地應該受到保護,需要從革命對象中排除,然而排除標準并不相同:自由主義以來源正義為標準,列寧主義以資本主義經(jīng)營為標準。換言之,前者以權利為標準,后者以效率為標準。對待私有土地如此,推而廣之,對待一切財產亦是如此。認真梳理這兩種思路的差異和得失,對我國的改革事業(yè)有重要啟示。
[Abstract]:Revolutionaries will declare the object of revolution illegal in the course of the revolution, but as long as extremism is not aimed at "smashing everything", it will determine the legal part of existing things according to certain criteria. These legitimate parts should be excluded from the object of the revolution. After the 1861 reform, private land appeared in Russia. In the view of the Russian populist, Russia was facing a socialist revolution at that time, and all the private land was the object of the revolution. If there are no exclusions, there will be no exclusion criteria. But in the view of Russian liberalism and Leninism, Russia was faced with a democratic revolution at that time. Although most of the existing private land was the object of revolution, there were still some private lands that should be protected and need to be excluded from the revolutionary objects. However, the exclusion criteria are not the same: since liberalism, the source of justice as the standard, Leninism to capitalist management as the standard. In other words, the former is based on rights, and the latter is based on efficiency. This is how private land is treated, generously, and so does all property. Combing the differences and gains and losses of these two train of thought has important enlightenment to the reform cause of our country.
【作者單位】： 同濟大學馬克思主義學院;
【基金】：國家社科基金重大項目(14ZDA059)
【分類號】：D751.2
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本文編號：2433890