瑞典移民在勞動力市場中的困境——果與因
發(fā)布時間：2018-12-24 10:24
【摘要】：本文按移民來源國闡述了瑞典移民的人口狀況,之后概述了出生于國外的瑞典移民及其子女的就業(yè)情況。一代和二代移民的就業(yè)率比本土出生的人要低。在中低收入國家出生的人的就業(yè)率格外低——這些人通常從外在特征、名字和語言能力等方面很容易與本地人區(qū)分開來。看起來是若干具有內(nèi)在關(guān)聯(lián)的因素造成了這一局面。本文探討的原因集中于移民特征、申請工作者被錄用的過程、瑞典勞動力市場上相對高的最低工資,以及立法及其貫徹實施等方面。外來移民進入勞動力市場的艱難帶來了各種后果。其中包括其享有社會救濟和傷殘養(yǎng)老金的人員比例比本土瑞典人要高,以及公共部門預(yù)算的壓力持續(xù)增長。另外,本地人與很多移民群體之間在可支配收入方面存在差距。移民就業(yè)的劣勢也導(dǎo)致大量移民及其子女居住在弱勢社區(qū),居住地被隔離產(chǎn)生的困擾與問題會帶來長遠(yuǎn)的社會影響。
[Abstract]:This paper expounds the population status of Swedish immigrants according to their countries of origin, and then summarizes the employment situation of Swedish immigrants born abroad and their children. The employment rate of a generation and a second generation of immigrants is lower than that of native-born people. Employment is particularly low among people born in low- and middle-income countries, who are often easily distinguished from locals in terms of external characteristics, names and language skills. It appears that a number of intrinsically related factors contributed to the situation. This paper focuses on the characteristics of immigrants, the process of applying for employment, the relatively high minimum wage in the Swedish labour market, and legislation and its implementation. The difficulties of immigration into the labour market have all sorts of consequences. These include a higher proportion of people on social assistance and disability pensions than native Swedes and growing pressures on public sector budgets. In addition, there is a gap in disposable income between locals and many immigrant groups. The disadvantage of immigrant employment also leads to a large number of immigrants and their children living in disadvantaged communities, the isolation of residence problems will bring long-term social impact.
【作者單位】： 瑞典哥德堡大學(xué)社會工作學(xué)系、波恩勞動力研究所;中國社會科學(xué)院民族學(xué)與人類學(xué)研究所;
【分類號】：D753.2
[Abstract]:This paper expounds the population status of Swedish immigrants according to their countries of origin, and then summarizes the employment situation of Swedish immigrants born abroad and their children. The employment rate of a generation and a second generation of immigrants is lower than that of native-born people. Employment is particularly low among people born in low- and middle-income countries, who are often easily distinguished from locals in terms of external characteristics, names and language skills. It appears that a number of intrinsically related factors contributed to the situation. This paper focuses on the characteristics of immigrants, the process of applying for employment, the relatively high minimum wage in the Swedish labour market, and legislation and its implementation. The difficulties of immigration into the labour market have all sorts of consequences. These include a higher proportion of people on social assistance and disability pensions than native Swedes and growing pressures on public sector budgets. In addition, there is a gap in disposable income between locals and many immigrant groups. The disadvantage of immigrant employment also leads to a large number of immigrants and their children living in disadvantaged communities, the isolation of residence problems will bring long-term social impact.
【作者單位】： 瑞典哥德堡大學(xué)社會工作學(xué)系、波恩勞動力研究所;中國社會科學(xué)院民族學(xué)與人類學(xué)研究所;
【分類號】：D753.2
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