【摘要】：黑海地區(qū)是俄羅斯重要的戰(zhàn)略出口和戰(zhàn)略據(jù)點之一。研究俄羅斯在黑海的地緣戰(zhàn)略環(huán)境是具有意義的課題。本文從歷史背景、外來勢力對俄羅斯黑海地緣戰(zhàn)略空間的擠壓、地區(qū)內(nèi)因素對俄黑海地緣戰(zhàn)略的干擾、黑海地區(qū)復(fù)雜宗教文明對俄羅斯的困擾以及俄國在黑海能源問題上的利弊等方面,分析研究俄羅斯在黑海地緣戰(zhàn)略環(huán)境。 歷史上,自彼得一世起,俄羅斯加劇了在黑海的爭奪。與土耳其奪取黑海北岸及出�？�、染指巴爾干、控制黑海出�？�,成了沙皇俄國的戰(zhàn)略目標(biāo)。蘇聯(lián)解體后,黑海沿岸國家由4國變成6國,黑海由俄羅斯和土耳其主導(dǎo)的局面也相應(yīng)改變,這導(dǎo)致俄羅斯在黑海地區(qū)的地緣戰(zhàn)略環(huán)境發(fā)生重大負(fù)面的變化。首先,俄羅斯在黑海難尋盟友,日顯孤立。獨立后的烏克蘭和格魯吉亞逐漸疏離俄羅斯而偏向西方。北約成員國土耳其,積極尋求加入歐盟。已成為歐盟、北約成員國的羅馬尼亞和保加利亞為實現(xiàn)本國黑海利益最大化,在俄羅斯和西方之間尋找平衡。其次,北約、歐盟東擴不斷壓縮俄羅斯的戰(zhàn)略空間。美國積極介入黑海事務(wù)極大影響了俄國在黑海的地緣戰(zhàn)略形勢。此外,西方宗教文明、伊斯蘭文明和東正教文明在黑海地區(qū)交匯并存,進一步加深了俄國在該地區(qū)地緣戰(zhàn)略處境的復(fù)雜性。這些因素導(dǎo)致俄羅斯在黑海地區(qū)陷入前所未有的困境,國家安全面臨嚴(yán)峻挑戰(zhàn)。 在上述不利的地緣戰(zhàn)略處境中,俄羅斯借助黑海經(jīng)濟合作組織,整合黑海地區(qū)資源,努力發(fā)揮重要作用;利用能源武器在黑海地區(qū)實行能源外交,積極擴大自身影響;發(fā)揮東正教—斯拉夫文明在黑海地區(qū)的主導(dǎo)作用。
[Abstract]:The Black Sea region is one of Russia's important strategic exports and strategic strongholds. It is significant to study the geostrategic environment of Russia in the Black Sea. This article from the historical background, foreign forces on the Russian Black Sea geo-strategic space squeeze, regional factors on the Russian Black Sea geo-strategic interference, This paper analyzes and studies Russia's geo-strategic environment in the Black Sea from the aspects of the complex religious civilization in the Black Sea and the advantages and disadvantages of Russia's energy problems in the Black Sea. Historically, since Peter I, Russia has intensified competition in the Black Sea. The strategic goal of the Czar Russia was to seize the northern shore and the sea mouth of the Black Sea with Turkey, to gain access to the Balkans, and to control the sea mouth of the Black Sea. After the collapse of the Soviet Union, the Black Sea coastal countries changed from four to six, and the situation of the Black Sea dominated by Russia and Turkey changed accordingly, which led to significant negative changes in Russia's geo-strategic environment in the Black Sea region. First, Russia is increasingly isolated from the difficulty of finding allies on the Black Sea. After independence, Ukraine and Georgia moved away from Russia in favour of the West. NATO member Turkey has actively sought to join the EU. Already the EU, NATO member Romania and Bulgaria seek a balance between Russia and the West to maximize their Black Sea interests. Secondly, NATO and EU's eastward expansion have continuously compressed Russia's strategic space. The active involvement of the United States in Black Sea affairs has greatly affected Russia's geostrategic situation in the Black Sea. In addition, Western religious civilization, Islamic civilization and Eastern Orthodox civilization coexist in the Black Sea region, further deepening the complexity of Russia's geo-strategic situation in the region. These factors have led to unprecedented difficulties in the Black Sea region and serious national security challenges. In the unfavorable geo-strategic situation mentioned above, Russia, with the help of the Black Sea Economic Cooperation Organization, integrates the resources of the Black Sea region and makes great efforts to play an important role, using energy weapons to carry out energy diplomacy in the Black Sea region and actively expand its own influence; Give play to the leading role of Orthodox-Slavic civilization in the Black Sea region.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：外交學(xué)院
【學(xué)位級別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2011
【分類號】：D751.2

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本文編號：2364096