英國工黨在布萊爾執(zhí)政時期的對華政策的研究
發(fā)布時間：2018-10-23 16:34
【摘要】：1997年5月,布萊爾領導的新工黨擊敗了執(zhí)政長達18年之久的保守黨,英國由此進入了工黨時代,這也代表著由民主社會主義發(fā)展而來的社會民主主義相對于保守黨信奉的新自由主義的勝利,這在歐洲整體政治氣氛偏右的大環(huán)境下是非常有代表性的。上臺后,工黨政府為了改變當時冷戰(zhàn)結束后不斷下滑的國際地位,重新樹立世界大國的形象,在"第三條道路"思想的指導下實行了一系列區(qū)別于保守黨的外交政策:在對待英美特殊關系問題上,工黨為了提升在歐洲的地位,成為連接美國與歐洲的紐帶,積極密切與美國的關系,在許多國際問題與美國保持步調(diào)一致;在歐洲內(nèi)部,英國實行了更為務實靈活的政策,在保持自己獨立性的同時,積極參與歐洲一體化進程,謀求在歐洲的領導地位;在全球層面上,英國還奉行對外干涉主義,以人權為借口出兵科索沃和伊拉克,同時通過積極的外交斡旋參與國際熱點問題,以此彰顯英國的國際影響力。在這個大背景之下,工黨政府也適時調(diào)整了對華政策。首先,香港問題的成功解決為英中關系的發(fā)展掃清了障礙,在此過程中,英國一方面積極發(fā)展與中國的經(jīng)貿(mào)關系,對華投資額也逐年上升,布萊爾下臺時,英國已是中國在歐盟最大的貿(mào)易伙伴和投資來源國;另一方面卻在人權、香港等問題上接連向中國出招,試圖對中國形成施壓,實現(xiàn)其外交政策中的道德價值。分析其實質,布萊爾還是在外交政策中堅持以國家利益為重,通過兩國首腦頻繁互訪帶動中英全方位各領域的交流和發(fā)展。本文試圖對二戰(zhàn)后歷屆工黨政府的對華政策做一梳理,分析不同時期工黨的指導思想對外交政策的影響;通過對布萊爾執(zhí)政時期主要外交戰(zhàn)略的研究,分析其主要的外交實踐。本文還試圖從以價值觀為導向的道德外交和以國家利益為重的務實外交兩個方面,來研究這一時期工黨政府的對華政策以及中英關系的發(fā)展。最后,本文在分析了影響布萊爾政府對華政策的因素的基礎上,從進步之處、不足之處、政策實質等幾個維度對其進行評估,以此來說明布萊爾執(zhí)政時期的對華政策對于之后工黨及后任政府的長遠影響,實現(xiàn)本文研究的現(xiàn)實和理論意義。
[Abstract]:In May 1997, Blair's New Labour Party defeated the Conservative Party, which had been in power for 18 years, and Britain entered the Labour Party era. This also represents a triumph of social democracy developed from democratic socialism over the conservative neoliberalism, which is very representative of the overall political climate in Europe. After taking office, the Labor Party government re-established the image of a world power in order to change the international position that had been declining since the end of the cold war at that time. Guided by the idea of "the third way", the Labour Party was guided by a series of foreign policies distinct from the Conservative Party: in dealing with the special relationship between the United States and the United States, the Labour Party became the link between the United States and Europe in order to elevate its position in Europe. Active and close relations with the United States, keeping pace with the United States on many international issues. Within Europe, Britain has implemented a more pragmatic and flexible policy of actively participating in the process of European integration while maintaining its independence. Seeking leadership in Europe; at the global level, Britain also pursues foreign interventionism, sending troops to Kosovo and Iraq under the pretext of human rights, and participating in international hot issues through active diplomatic mediation. This demonstrates Britain's international influence. In this context, the Labour Government also timely adjusted its China policy. First of all, the successful settlement of the Hong Kong issue has cleared the way for the development of Anglo-Chinese relations. In the process, Britain on the one hand actively developed economic and trade relations with China, and its investment in China also increased year by year. When Blair stepped down, Britain is already China's largest trading partner and source of investment in the European Union. On the other hand, it has tried to exert pressure on China on issues such as human rights and Hong Kong in an attempt to realize its moral values in its foreign policy. After analyzing its essence, Blair insisted on focusing on the national interests in his foreign policy, and promoted the exchanges and development in all fields between China and Britain through frequent exchange of visits between the heads of state of the two countries. This paper attempts to sort out the policies of the successive Labor governments towards China after World War II, to analyze the influence of the guiding ideology of the Labor Party on foreign policy in different periods, and to analyze the main diplomatic practice of the Labor Party through the study of the main diplomatic strategies during Blair's reign. This paper also attempts to study the Chinese policy of the Labor government and the development of Sino-British relations in this period from two aspects: moral diplomacy oriented by values and pragmatic diplomacy with national interests as the most important. Finally, on the basis of analyzing the factors that influence Blair government's China policy, this paper evaluates it from the aspects of progress, deficiency, policy essence and so on. In order to illustrate the long-term impact of Blair's China policy on the Labour Party and the subsequent government, this paper realizes the practical and theoretical significance of this study.
【學位授予單位】：北京外國語大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：D756.1
本文編號：2289833
[Abstract]:In May 1997, Blair's New Labour Party defeated the Conservative Party, which had been in power for 18 years, and Britain entered the Labour Party era. This also represents a triumph of social democracy developed from democratic socialism over the conservative neoliberalism, which is very representative of the overall political climate in Europe. After taking office, the Labor Party government re-established the image of a world power in order to change the international position that had been declining since the end of the cold war at that time. Guided by the idea of "the third way", the Labour Party was guided by a series of foreign policies distinct from the Conservative Party: in dealing with the special relationship between the United States and the United States, the Labour Party became the link between the United States and Europe in order to elevate its position in Europe. Active and close relations with the United States, keeping pace with the United States on many international issues. Within Europe, Britain has implemented a more pragmatic and flexible policy of actively participating in the process of European integration while maintaining its independence. Seeking leadership in Europe; at the global level, Britain also pursues foreign interventionism, sending troops to Kosovo and Iraq under the pretext of human rights, and participating in international hot issues through active diplomatic mediation. This demonstrates Britain's international influence. In this context, the Labour Government also timely adjusted its China policy. First of all, the successful settlement of the Hong Kong issue has cleared the way for the development of Anglo-Chinese relations. In the process, Britain on the one hand actively developed economic and trade relations with China, and its investment in China also increased year by year. When Blair stepped down, Britain is already China's largest trading partner and source of investment in the European Union. On the other hand, it has tried to exert pressure on China on issues such as human rights and Hong Kong in an attempt to realize its moral values in its foreign policy. After analyzing its essence, Blair insisted on focusing on the national interests in his foreign policy, and promoted the exchanges and development in all fields between China and Britain through frequent exchange of visits between the heads of state of the two countries. This paper attempts to sort out the policies of the successive Labor governments towards China after World War II, to analyze the influence of the guiding ideology of the Labor Party on foreign policy in different periods, and to analyze the main diplomatic practice of the Labor Party through the study of the main diplomatic strategies during Blair's reign. This paper also attempts to study the Chinese policy of the Labor government and the development of Sino-British relations in this period from two aspects: moral diplomacy oriented by values and pragmatic diplomacy with national interests as the most important. Finally, on the basis of analyzing the factors that influence Blair government's China policy, this paper evaluates it from the aspects of progress, deficiency, policy essence and so on. In order to illustrate the long-term impact of Blair's China policy on the Labour Party and the subsequent government, this paper realizes the practical and theoretical significance of this study.
【學位授予單位】：北京外國語大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：D756.1
【參考文獻】
相關期刊論文 前1條
1 孫永艷;;新世紀以來中英關系走向分析[J];遼寧師專學報(社會科學版);2014年06期
，本文編號：2289833
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