【摘要】：作為美國(guó)最典型的社會(huì)問(wèn)題之一,槍支犯罪已經(jīng)困擾了美國(guó)政府很長(zhǎng)一段時(shí)間。自從憲法第二修正案做出了關(guān)于“持有和攜帶槍支”的規(guī)定,整個(gè)國(guó)家關(guān)于槍支控制的爭(zhēng)論就一直沒(méi)有停息。 為了更好地了解槍控之爭(zhēng)的根源,本文重點(diǎn)研究了美國(guó)聯(lián)邦政府槍支管制政策的演變過(guò)程及其對(duì)美國(guó)社會(huì)產(chǎn)生的影響。首先,第一章介紹了本文的研究目的,并回顧了相關(guān)文獻(xiàn)的內(nèi)容。第二章則解釋了英國(guó)背景對(duì)于美國(guó)憲法第二修正案的影響,并分析了民兵在美國(guó)殖民地經(jīng)歷及獨(dú)立革命中發(fā)揮的作用,從中我們可以看出:修正案中提及的“民兵”是指由政府組織各州自行管理的武裝力量,絕非反對(duì)槍控者所說(shuō)的“全體民眾”;而修正案制定者的真正目的是保證民兵最為武裝力量抗衡聯(lián)邦政府的地位,使其能夠維護(hù)各州的自由。本章還介紹了最高法院對(duì)于相關(guān)案件的決議,作為該結(jié)論的佐證。 在第三章中,作者對(duì)聯(lián)邦政府制定的六個(gè)重要槍控法案一一作了介紹,它們分別是1934年國(guó)家槍支法案、1938年聯(lián)邦槍支法案、1968年槍支控制法案、1993年布萊迪法案、1994年控制暴力犯罪和實(shí)施相關(guān)法律的法案、以及1996年家庭暴力犯罪者槍支使用禁令。本章不僅分析了各個(gè)法案頒布之時(shí)的社會(huì)背景,還詳細(xì)介紹了各個(gè)法案的重要條款。對(duì)這些條款進(jìn)行的比較揭示出美國(guó)槍支控制政策發(fā)展的趨勢(shì),即槍控政策變得日益嚴(yán)格;但整個(gè)發(fā)展過(guò)程是曲折前進(jìn)的,而非簡(jiǎn)單的直線前進(jìn),這種前進(jìn)方式生動(dòng)地反映了支持槍控者和反對(duì)槍控者兩種勢(shì)力之間的較量。 本文的第四章討論了一個(gè)更為實(shí)際的話題:美國(guó)聯(lián)邦政府的槍支控制政策對(duì)美國(guó)社會(huì),或者更確切地說(shuō),對(duì)美國(guó)的經(jīng)濟(jì)領(lǐng)域和社會(huì)安全領(lǐng)域產(chǎn)生了何種影響。作者首先分析了1968年槍支控制法案和1994年突擊類槍支禁令對(duì)槍支工業(yè)的進(jìn)口和國(guó)內(nèi)生產(chǎn)的影響,對(duì)相關(guān)數(shù)據(jù)的研究表明:1968年槍支控制法案導(dǎo)致相關(guān)槍支的進(jìn)口在法案實(shí)施前急劇增長(zhǎng),但在法案實(shí)施后出現(xiàn)了大幅回落,而相關(guān)槍支的國(guó)內(nèi)產(chǎn)量則是持續(xù)的增長(zhǎng)。同時(shí),突擊類槍支禁令也導(dǎo)致了相關(guān)槍支的進(jìn)口和國(guó)內(nèi)生產(chǎn)在達(dá)到了峰值后,出現(xiàn)持續(xù)下降。此外,本文還分析了突擊類槍支禁令對(duì)持槍犯罪率的影響,以及對(duì)槍支導(dǎo)致的受傷和死亡率的影 響。數(shù)據(jù)分析表明:該禁令對(duì)上述兩項(xiàng)產(chǎn)生了積極的影響,有效降低了持槍犯罪率和槍支導(dǎo)致的傷害及死亡率。在第五章中,作者總結(jié)了本文的重要觀點(diǎn),并得出如下結(jié)論:美國(guó)聯(lián)邦政府的槍支管制政策正朝著日益嚴(yán)格的方向發(fā)展,而決定這種發(fā)展趨勢(shì)的重要因素則是槍支管制政策的支持者和反對(duì)者之間的力量抗衡。由于這種抗衡,雖然數(shù)據(jù)表明諸如1994年突擊類槍支禁令的法律對(duì)美國(guó)社會(huì)產(chǎn)生了積極的影響,包括大規(guī)模的減少了持槍犯罪率,美國(guó)聯(lián)邦政府在最近10年仍然沒(méi)能頒布任何新的槍支控制政策,更何況布萊迪法案已經(jīng)于2004年失效。所以,對(duì)于美國(guó)政府而言,槍支控制的最終實(shí)現(xiàn)仍然面臨漫漫長(zhǎng)路。
[Abstract]:As one of the most typical social problems in the United States, gun crime has plagued the U.S. government for a long time.
In order to better understand the root of the controversy over gun control, this paper focuses on the evolution of the federal government's gun control policy and its impact on American society. Firstly, the first chapter introduces the purpose of this study and reviews the relevant literature. The second chapter explains the background of Britain for the Second Amendment to the Constitution of the United States. We can see from the analysis of the role played by the militia in the colonial experience and the independent revolution of the United States that the "militia" referred to in the Amendment refers to the armed forces organized by the government and administered by the States themselves, and is by no means opposed to what gun controllers call "the whole people"; and the real purpose of the enactment of the Amendment is to ensure the militia. This chapter also introduces the Supreme Court's decisions on relevant cases as evidence of this conclusion.
In the third chapter, the author introduces six important gun control Acts enacted by the federal government. They are the National Gun Act of 1934, the Federal Gun Act of 1938, the Gun Control Act of 1968, the Brady Act of 1993, the Act on the Control of Violent Crimes and the Implementation of Related Laws in 1994, and the Domestic Violent Offenders'Guns of 1996. This chapter not only analyzes the social background of each bill, but also introduces the important provisions of each bill. The comparison of these Provisions reveals the trend of the development of the gun control policy in the United States, that is, the gun control policy has become increasingly stringent; but the whole development process is tortuous, not a simple straight line. Forward, this way of forward vividly reflects the contest between the two forces that support and oppose gun control.
Chapter 4 of this paper discusses a more practical topic: what impact the federal government's gun control policy has on American society, or rather, on the economic and social security spheres of the United States. The author first analyzes the impact of the 1968 Gun Control Act and the 1994 assault gun ban on the gun industry. Impacts of the Gun Control Act of 1968 on the import of related firearms before the implementation of the Act, but after the implementation of the Act there has been a sharp decline in domestic production of related firearms is a continuous growth. At the same time, the assault ban on firearms also led to the import of related firearms. In addition, the impact of the ban on assault firearms on the rate of gun-holding crimes and the effects on gun-related injuries and mortality are also analyzed.
Data analysis shows that the ban has a positive impact on the above two items, effectively reducing the rate of gun crime and the injury and mortality caused by guns. An important factor in this trend is the confrontation between supporters and opponents of gun control policies. Because of this confrontation, although the data show that laws such as the 1994 assault gun ban have had a positive impact on American society, including a massive reduction in gun crime, the federal government has in the last decade No new gun control policies have yet been enacted, let alone the Brady Act, which expired in 2004. So, for the U.S. government, the ultimate realization of gun control still faces a long way to go.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：外交學(xué)院
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2006
【分類號(hào)】：D771.2

【引證文獻(xiàn)】

中國(guó)碩士學(xué)位論文全文數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù) 前2條

1 王瑋;美國(guó)槍支管理法及其對(duì)中國(guó)的啟示[D];湖南大學(xué);2010年

2 馮欣;美國(guó)《1968年槍支管制法》研究[D];哈爾濱師范大學(xué);2012年

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本文編號(hào)：2237121