2001年以來澳大利亞反恐政策的研究
發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-09-01 08:54
【摘要】：2001年9 ·11事件及之后發(fā)生在巴厘島、馬德里、倫敦等地的恐怖襲擊事件,使澳大利亞意識(shí)到本國反恐形勢的日趨嚴(yán)峻,意識(shí)到自身面臨恐怖主義威脅,其地理位置在防御恐怖主義上無優(yōu)勢可言。目前澳洲的恐怖預(yù)警水平是"很有可能",意味著澳洲是恐怖主義襲擊的目標(biāo)之一,恐怖主義襲擊在澳洲很有可能發(fā)生。9 ·11之后,澳洲開始不斷更新反恐政策,主要包括反恐策略制定和反恐立法和執(zhí)法。本文圍繞澳洲國內(nèi)反恐政策,旨在探討2001年以來澳洲反恐政策的變化和特征�？傮w而言,澳洲的反恐政策行之有效。本文將呈現(xiàn)影響澳洲反恐政策變化的因素和政策實(shí)施的效果,同時(shí)指出澳洲反恐政策實(shí)施中出現(xiàn)的問題,包括伊斯蘭恐懼癥、穆斯林在執(zhí)法中被邊緣化、政府權(quán)力擴(kuò)大化造成公民權(quán)力受到侵犯等。期望問題的指出與澳洲完善反恐政策的目標(biāo)相吻合�；谠谠擃I(lǐng)域收集到的全面充實(shí)的資料文獻(xiàn),本文通過運(yùn)用定量分析研究和案例研究對(duì)澳洲反恐政策進(jìn)行深入探討。利用網(wǎng)上資料完善研究材料,使論文更加全面。澳洲的反恐政策基于澳洲國內(nèi)外不斷增長的恐怖主義威脅而變化。澳洲國內(nèi)認(rèn)同極端主義理念的群體,包括參與過中東沖突的戰(zhàn)斗人員和獨(dú)行恐怖人,是澳洲恐怖主義威脅的主要來源。根據(jù)澳洲恐怖主義定義和2004年至2015年之間的澳洲政府反恐報(bào)告,本文認(rèn)為在倡導(dǎo)多元文化政策的澳洲,反恐以預(yù)防政策為主,社群是澳洲反恐防御的中堅(jiān)力量,也是一旦遭遇恐怖襲擊后社會(huì)復(fù)元的主要力量。因恐怖主義威脅并非一成不變,針對(duì)恐怖主義的政策因而需適時(shí)更新,澳洲反恐政策的另一個(gè)主要特征即適應(yīng)性�？植乐髁x形成的根源在于人們在恐怖思想的影響下被極端化,澳洲以恐怖主義根源為出發(fā)點(diǎn),積極實(shí)施社群參與政策。2001年以來,澳洲已頒布60余部專門針對(duì)反恐的法律,這些法律覆蓋范圍廣,重在發(fā)揮提前預(yù)防的功能,并不斷擴(kuò)大政府人員在反恐方面的權(quán)力。但在政策實(shí)施過程中,也產(chǎn)生了一些問題。比如,澳洲穆斯林群體來源廣泛,背景多樣,卻被視為單一群體,在反恐行動(dòng)中,穆斯林被視為嫌疑族群,使得社群政策過于關(guān)注穆斯林群體,不同群體間加強(qiáng)相互理解溝通的目的難以達(dá)到;近年來,伊斯蘭恐懼癥不但沒有減弱,反而有所上升,社會(huì)凝聚力遭削弱,不利于推行社群參與政策;被視為嫌疑群體的穆斯林,沒有感受到反恐法律和政策的保護(hù),反而感到被邊緣化,法律的提前預(yù)防功能同時(shí)對(duì)一些公民自由權(quán)造成侵犯。這些問題都關(guān)系到澳洲反恐政策的發(fā)展和效力,必須得到合理解決。澳洲政府和媒體必須共同努力,采取舉措,促進(jìn)弱化并最終根除關(guān)于穆斯林與恐怖主義之間存在必然聯(lián)系的社會(huì)認(rèn)知,減少其他群體對(duì)穆斯林群體的誤解,加強(qiáng)社會(huì)凝聚力,從根源上防止恐怖主義滲透。媒體有責(zé)任向公眾傳達(dá)客觀公正、不導(dǎo)致誤解的信息,加強(qiáng)不同群體間的相互尊重和理解,并在一定程度上發(fā)揮監(jiān)督政府的職能。
[Abstract]:The terrorist attacks in Bali, Madrid and London on September 11, 2001 have made Australia aware of the increasingly serious anti-terrorism situation in the country and the threat it faces. Its geographical position has no advantage in preventing terrorism. Australia is one of the targets of terrorist attacks. Since September 11, terrorist attacks are likely to occur in Australia. Australia has begun to update its anti-terrorism policy, mainly including anti-terrorism strategy formulation and anti-terrorism legislation and law enforcement. In general, Australia's anti-terrorism policy is effective. This paper will present the factors affecting the change of Australia's anti-terrorism policy and the effect of its implementation. It also points out the problems in the implementation of Australia's anti-terrorism policy, including Islamophobia, the marginalization of Muslims in law enforcement, and the infringement of civil rights caused by the expansion of government power. Based on the comprehensive literature collected in this field, this paper makes a thorough study of Australian anti-terrorism policy through quantitative analysis and case study, and makes the paper more comprehensive by using online data to improve research materials. The growing threat of terrorism in Australia and abroad is changing. Groups in Australia that share extremist ideas, including combatants and lone terrorists involved in the Middle East conflict, are the main sources of the threat of terrorism in Australia. According to the Australian definition of terrorism and the Australian Government's anti-terrorism report from 2004 to 2015, this article In Australia, which advocates a multicultural policy, anti-terrorism is mainly a preventive policy. The community is the backbone of Australia's anti-terrorism defense and the main force for social recovery after a terrorist attack. The origin of terrorism lies in the extremization of people under the influence of terrorism. Australia actively implements the policy of community participation based on the origin of terrorism. Since 2001, more than 60 laws have been enacted to combat terrorism. These laws cover a wide range of areas and focus on the function of early prevention. For example, the Muslim community in Australia has a wide range of sources and diverse backgrounds, but is regarded as a single group. In the anti-terrorism action, Muslims are regarded as a suspect group, which makes the community policy too concerned about Muslim groups, increasing among different groups. The purpose of strong mutual understanding and communication is difficult to achieve; in recent years, Islamophobia has not weakened, but increased, and social cohesion has been weakened, which is not conducive to the implementation of community participation policies; Muslims who are regarded as suspected groups do not feel the protection of anti-terrorism laws and policies, but feel marginalized, and the law has prevented them in advance. These problems are related to the development and effectiveness of Australia's anti-terrorism policy and must be solved rationally. The Australian government and the media must work together to take measures to weaken and ultimately eradicate the social awareness of the inevitable link between Muslims and terrorism and reduce other groups. It is the responsibility of the media to convey objective and impartial information to the public without causing misunderstanding, to strengthen mutual respect and understanding among different groups, and to play the role of supervising the government to a certain extent.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：華東師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：D761.1
本文編號(hào)：2216692
[Abstract]:The terrorist attacks in Bali, Madrid and London on September 11, 2001 have made Australia aware of the increasingly serious anti-terrorism situation in the country and the threat it faces. Its geographical position has no advantage in preventing terrorism. Australia is one of the targets of terrorist attacks. Since September 11, terrorist attacks are likely to occur in Australia. Australia has begun to update its anti-terrorism policy, mainly including anti-terrorism strategy formulation and anti-terrorism legislation and law enforcement. In general, Australia's anti-terrorism policy is effective. This paper will present the factors affecting the change of Australia's anti-terrorism policy and the effect of its implementation. It also points out the problems in the implementation of Australia's anti-terrorism policy, including Islamophobia, the marginalization of Muslims in law enforcement, and the infringement of civil rights caused by the expansion of government power. Based on the comprehensive literature collected in this field, this paper makes a thorough study of Australian anti-terrorism policy through quantitative analysis and case study, and makes the paper more comprehensive by using online data to improve research materials. The growing threat of terrorism in Australia and abroad is changing. Groups in Australia that share extremist ideas, including combatants and lone terrorists involved in the Middle East conflict, are the main sources of the threat of terrorism in Australia. According to the Australian definition of terrorism and the Australian Government's anti-terrorism report from 2004 to 2015, this article In Australia, which advocates a multicultural policy, anti-terrorism is mainly a preventive policy. The community is the backbone of Australia's anti-terrorism defense and the main force for social recovery after a terrorist attack. The origin of terrorism lies in the extremization of people under the influence of terrorism. Australia actively implements the policy of community participation based on the origin of terrorism. Since 2001, more than 60 laws have been enacted to combat terrorism. These laws cover a wide range of areas and focus on the function of early prevention. For example, the Muslim community in Australia has a wide range of sources and diverse backgrounds, but is regarded as a single group. In the anti-terrorism action, Muslims are regarded as a suspect group, which makes the community policy too concerned about Muslim groups, increasing among different groups. The purpose of strong mutual understanding and communication is difficult to achieve; in recent years, Islamophobia has not weakened, but increased, and social cohesion has been weakened, which is not conducive to the implementation of community participation policies; Muslims who are regarded as suspected groups do not feel the protection of anti-terrorism laws and policies, but feel marginalized, and the law has prevented them in advance. These problems are related to the development and effectiveness of Australia's anti-terrorism policy and must be solved rationally. The Australian government and the media must work together to take measures to weaken and ultimately eradicate the social awareness of the inevitable link between Muslims and terrorism and reduce other groups. It is the responsibility of the media to convey objective and impartial information to the public without causing misunderstanding, to strengthen mutual respect and understanding among different groups, and to play the role of supervising the government to a certain extent.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：華東師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：D761.1
【參考文獻(xiàn)】
相關(guān)期刊論文 前1條
1 王震;;全球反恐戰(zhàn)爭正在轉(zhuǎn)型[J];世界知識(shí);2015年06期
，本文編號(hào)：2216692
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