本文選題：斯大林 + 民族政策　； 參考：《山東師范大學(xué)》2011年碩士論文

【摘要】：斯大林作為歷史上一個(gè)重要的人物,被稱為蘇聯(lián)布爾什維克黨內(nèi)的民族問(wèn)題專家。從1923年4月到1953年3月,斯大林擔(dān)任蘇共總書(shū)記和國(guó)家主要領(lǐng)導(dǎo)職務(wù)長(zhǎng)達(dá)30年。在領(lǐng)導(dǎo)和探索蘇維埃社會(huì)主義建設(shè)的過(guò)程中,斯大林針對(duì)俄國(guó)的多民族狀況以及沙皇俄國(guó)遺留下來(lái)的嚴(yán)重的民族問(wèn)題,面對(duì)國(guó)外資本主義尋找新的市場(chǎng)、廉價(jià)的勞動(dòng)力和投資場(chǎng)所的擴(kuò)張以及國(guó)際糾紛和戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)的威脅,結(jié)合俄國(guó)的實(shí)際情況,制定了一系列的民族政策,為馬克思主義理論寶庫(kù)增添了許多新的內(nèi)容。 文章主要從三個(gè)部分展開(kāi)論述: 第一部分分析了斯大林民族政策是由眾多因素綜合影響形成的,斯大林作為一個(gè)馬克思主義者,主要是受馬克思主義影響,理論基礎(chǔ)主要源于馬克思主義。列寧作為俄國(guó)的革命導(dǎo)師,他的民族政策和民族理論,對(duì)斯大林的民族理論的形成以及民族政策的制定有著直接的影響。斯大林民族政策的現(xiàn)實(shí)來(lái)源則主要是在當(dāng)時(shí)復(fù)雜的民族狀況和個(gè)人經(jīng)歷以及傳統(tǒng)的民族觀點(diǎn)。 第二部分分析了斯大林民族政策的內(nèi)容。第一,強(qiáng)調(diào)民族平等,團(tuán)結(jié)統(tǒng)一。確定民族平等問(wèn)題為首要解決問(wèn)題,主張由法律上規(guī)定的民族平等到民族間事實(shí)上的平等,同時(shí)分析了民族團(tuán)結(jié)的阻礙。第二,注重少數(shù)民族地區(qū)的發(fā)展。斯大林著力從經(jīng)濟(jì)、文化教育等方面發(fā)展少數(shù)民族,把實(shí)現(xiàn)各民族的共同繁榮作為黨和國(guó)家民族政策的根本任務(wù)。第三,由最初的主張民族自決到強(qiáng)調(diào)民族權(quán)利高度集中。斯大林在培養(yǎng)民族干部的基礎(chǔ)上保證了民族自決。然而隨著歷史條件和個(gè)人思想的變化,逐漸由民族自決開(kāi)始向權(quán)利的高度集中過(guò)渡,國(guó)家結(jié)構(gòu)形式也由原來(lái)?yè)碜o(hù)的聯(lián)邦制度轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)閱我恢贫取５谒?由主要反對(duì)大俄羅斯沙文主義到主要反對(duì)地方民族主義。斯大林認(rèn)為民族主義(包括大俄羅斯和地方民族主義)是民族平等團(tuán)結(jié)的重大障礙。他把正確地開(kāi)展反對(duì)民族主義的斗爭(zhēng),作為黨的民族政策的一項(xiàng)重要內(nèi)容。開(kāi)始主張反對(duì)大俄羅斯主義,地方民族主義在不久之后卻被斯大林當(dāng)成了主要危險(xiǎn)。 第三部分重點(diǎn)對(duì)斯大林的民族政策進(jìn)行評(píng)價(jià)。第一,分析了斯大林民族政策實(shí)施的成效,民族經(jīng)濟(jì)、民族文化教育事業(yè)得到一定發(fā)展,培養(yǎng)了一大批民族干部,建立了具有特色的聯(lián)盟體制。促進(jìn)了蘇聯(lián)社會(huì)相對(duì)穩(wěn)定的發(fā)展。廣大少數(shù)民族擺脫了長(zhǎng)期的物質(zhì)和精神上的落后狀態(tài),進(jìn)入了社會(huì)主義社會(huì)。第二,分析了斯大林的民族政策在實(shí)施上的失誤及原因。斯大林的政策給民族經(jīng)濟(jì)造成了的瘡傷,殘害了一大批少數(shù)民族干部等等。第三,重點(diǎn)分析了對(duì)其他國(guó)家解決民族問(wèn)題的啟示。首先,民族問(wèn)題始終并且一直是一個(gè)必須認(rèn)真對(duì)待的重大問(wèn)題,應(yīng)將其置于政治、經(jīng)濟(jì)、文化和社會(huì)等問(wèn)題同樣的高度來(lái)對(duì)待。其次,要科學(xué)分析、充分認(rèn)識(shí)了解社會(huì)矛盾和社會(huì)民族狀況,正確處理民族問(wèn)題。我國(guó)要堅(jiān)持貫徹民族區(qū)域自治制度。最后,必須堅(jiān)持理論與實(shí)踐緊密結(jié)合,理論聯(lián)系實(shí)際,根據(jù)實(shí)際情況不斷進(jìn)行創(chuàng)新發(fā)展,解放思想,實(shí)事求是,與時(shí)俱進(jìn)。 斯大林民族政策具有明顯的雙重性,它作為斯大林社會(huì)主義蘇聯(lián)模式的重要組成部分,有著重要的理論和實(shí)踐意義,它是對(duì)馬克思恩格斯和列寧民族理論的繼承和創(chuàng)新。然而在實(shí)施的過(guò)程中卻與內(nèi)容背道而馳,出現(xiàn)了一定的失誤。
[Abstract]:As an important figure in history, Stalin was called the national expert of the Bull J Vic party in the Soviet Union. From April 1923 to March 1953, Stalin served as the general secretary of the Soviet Communist Party and the main leading position of the state for 30 years. In the process of leading and exploring the construction of Soviet Socialist socialism, Stalin was aimed at the multi-ethnic situation of Russia. As well as the serious national problems left by the Czar Russia, facing the new market of foreign capitalism, the expansion of cheap labor and investment places and the threat of international disputes and wars, a series of national policies were formulated in combination with the actual situation of Russia, which added a lot of new contents to the treasure house of Marx doctrine.
The article is mainly discussed from three parts.
The first part analyses that Stalin's national policy is formed by the comprehensive influence of many factors. As a Marx, Stalin is mainly influenced by Marx, and the theoretical basis is mainly from Marx. Lenin is a Russian revolutionary tutor, his national policy and national theory, and the form of Stalin's national theory. The development of the national policy has a direct influence. The actual source of Stalin's national policy is mainly in the complex national situation and personal experience at that time, as well as the traditional national viewpoint.
The second part analyzes the content of Stalin's national policy. First, it emphasizes national equality, unity and unity. It is the primary solution to determine the problem of national equality. It advocates the equality of nationalities from the law to the de facto equality among ethnic groups. At the same time, it analyzes the obstacles of national unity. Second, emphasis on the development of ethnic minority areas. Stalin is on the basis of the development of ethnic minority areas. To develop ethnic minorities from economic, cultural and educational aspects, and to realize the common prosperity of all nationalities as the fundamental task of the national policy of the party and the state. Third, from the initial advocating of national self-determination to a high concentration of national rights. Stalin has guaranteed national self-determination on the basis of cultivating ethnic cadres. The change of human thought gradually changed from the national self-determination to the high concentration of rights, and the form of state structure was transformed from the original Confederate system to a single system. Fourth, from the main opposition to the chauvinism of the great Russia to the local nationalism. Stalin believed that the people's Doctrine (including the Russian and local nationalism) was mainly opposed to the local nationalism. It was a major obstacle to the equality and unity of the nation. He carried out the struggle against nationalism correctly, as an important part of the party's national policy. He began to oppose the great Russian doctrine, and the local nationalism was regarded as the main danger by Stalin in the near future.
The third part focuses on the evaluation of Stalin's national policy. First, it analyses the effect of the implementation of Stalin's national policy, the national economy, the national culture and education cause a certain development, the cultivation of a large number of Ethnic Cadres and the establishment of a characteristic alliance system. Take off the long-term material and spiritual backward state, enter the socialist society. Second, analysis of Stalin's national policy in the implementation of errors and reasons. Stalin's policy to the national economy caused by sore, a large number of minority cadres and so on. Third, the emphasis on other countries to solve the national problems. First, the national problem has always been a serious problem that must be taken seriously and should be treated at the same level of political, economic, cultural and social issues. Secondly, we should make a scientific analysis, fully understand the social contradictions and the state of the society, and correctly deal with the national problems. China should adhere to the national zone. In the end, we must adhere to the close combination of theory and practice, theory and practice, continuous innovation and development according to the actual situation, emancipating the mind, seeking truth from facts, and keeping pace with the times.
Stalin's national policy has obvious dual character. As an important part of the socialist socialist Soviet model of Stalin, it has important theoretical and practical significance. It is the inheritance and innovation of Marx Engels and Lenin's national theory. However, it runs counter to the content in the process of implementation, and there is a certain error.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：山東師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2011
【分類號(hào)】：A831;D562

【引證文獻(xiàn)】

相關(guān)碩士學(xué)位論文 前1條

1 宋晨虎;馬克思主義民族觀研究[D];東北林業(yè)大學(xué);2012年

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本文編號(hào)：2114650