本文選題：政治信任 + 勃列日涅夫時(shí)期��； 參考：《華東師范大學(xué)》2011年碩士論文

【摘要】：政治信任通常是指公民對政治系統(tǒng)的將運(yùn)作產(chǎn)生出與他們的期待相一致的結(jié)果的信念或信心。它大致可以劃分為三個(gè)層次,在最高層次上,它是指公民對政治共同體的態(tài)度。在第二個(gè)層次上,它指的是公民對待政治制度以及國家機(jī)構(gòu)的態(tài)度。在第三個(gè)層次上,它指的是公民對待作為個(gè)體的政府官員的態(tài)度。在這個(gè)意義上,公民政治信任的狀況如何,即反映了公民對國家、政治制度、政府以及政府官員的態(tài)度,國家和政府的力量在于政治信任。 勃列日涅夫執(zhí)政前期的蘇聯(lián)社會,最大的特點(diǎn)就是穩(wěn)定,表現(xiàn)在多個(gè)方面,如停止赫魯曉夫的管理體制改革,恢復(fù)、中央—州—區(qū)”的垂直管理體制；工業(yè)農(nóng)業(yè)的穩(wěn)定；干部隊(duì)伍的穩(wěn)定；民族政策的穩(wěn)定等。但是這種穩(wěn)定的實(shí)質(zhì)卻是蘇聯(lián)社會各方面發(fā)展上的由盛而衰,勃列日涅夫執(zhí)政中后期的經(jīng)濟(jì)停滯、政治體制的日趨僵化、思想文化的停滯都顯示出了蘇聯(lián)的日漸衰敗。一個(gè)社會的政治信任度可以從功能替代品、行為指標(biāo)和言辭指標(biāo)三種指標(biāo)體系予以診斷。借助于這三種指標(biāo)對勃列日涅夫時(shí)期蘇聯(lián)社會的政治信任狀況進(jìn)行考察,可以發(fā)現(xiàn)蘇聯(lián)社會的民眾越來越多的相信宿命論、現(xiàn)世主義；民眾對社會秩序和公共安全過度警覺起來；腐敗之風(fēng)日益嚴(yán)重；政治信任漸趨外部化；移民越來越嚴(yán)重；以及民眾對改革、公共機(jī)構(gòu)和干部的態(tài)度日漸不滿。這些指標(biāo)都顯示出蘇聯(lián)社會是一個(gè)政治信任缺失的病態(tài)社會。 造成這一時(shí)期政治信任缺失的原因主要包括,終極型的意識形態(tài)、集權(quán)制度下制度信任的破裂、工字型的社會結(jié)構(gòu)以及蜂窩狀的人際關(guān)系結(jié)構(gòu)等。這些因素把蘇聯(lián)民眾局限于一個(gè)狹小而封閉的空間內(nèi),阻隔了人與人之間的溝通。雖然勃列日涅夫時(shí)期的蘇聯(lián)以穩(wěn)定著稱,但是穩(wěn)定的背后卻是蘇聯(lián)社會的由盛而衰。由于蘇聯(lián)社會政治信任的缺失,這種穩(wěn)定只能稱得上一種假穩(wěn)定。 什托姆普卡建立了一個(gè)信任的社會生成模型,從信任生成的社會環(huán)境、社會情緒和集體資本三個(gè)方面闡述了如何建立一個(gè)信任的社會。這為我們研究政治信任的生成提供了一個(gè)可以參考的視角。而勃列日涅夫時(shí)期的蘇聯(lián)在這三個(gè)方面卻是不具備的,整個(gè)蘇聯(lián)社會缺乏政治信任生成的源泉,也就不可能形成與政治信任有關(guān)的政治文化循環(huán)系統(tǒng)。沒有真正的政治信任是蘇聯(lián)社會最終崩潰的重要原因之一,這啟示我們要特別注重政治信任的生成,建立一個(gè)信任的社會。
[Abstract]:Political trust usually refers to citizens' belief or confidence that the political system will work in line with their expectations. It can be roughly divided into three levels, at the highest level, it refers to the attitude of citizens to the political community. At the second level, it refers to the attitude of citizens towards the political system and the institutions of the State. At the third level, it refers to the attitude of citizens towards government officials as individuals. In this sense, the state of civil political trust reflects the attitude of citizens to the state, political system, government and government officials, and the strength of the state and government lies in political trust. Brezhnev's former Soviet society was characterized by stability in many aspects, such as the cessation of Khrushchev's reform of the management system, the restoration of the vertical management system of the Central Government and the region, the stability of industrial and agricultural development, and the stability of industrial and agricultural development. The stability of the ranks of cadres; the stability of national policies, etc. But the essence of this stability is the prosperity and decline of all aspects of the Soviet society, Brezhnev's economic stagnation in the middle and late period of his administration, the increasingly rigid political system, the ideological and cultural stagnation of the Soviet Union has shown the gradual decline. The political trust of a society can be diagnosed by three index systems: functional substitute, behavioral index and verbal index. With the help of these three indicators to investigate the political trust of Soviet society in Brezhnev period, we can find that more and more people in Soviet society believe in fatalism and earthly doctrine. The public is over-alert to social order and public safety; corruption is growing; political trust is becoming more and more external; immigration is growing; and public attitudes towards reform and public institutions and cadres are growing. These indicators show that Soviet society is a sick society with a lack of political trust. The main reasons for the lack of political trust in this period include the ultimate ideology, the breakdown of institutional trust under the centralization system, the I-shaped social structure and the honeycomb interpersonal relationship structure. These factors confined the Soviet people to a narrow and closed space, blocking interpersonal communication. Although the Soviet Union in Brezhnev was famous for its stability, it was the rise and decline of Soviet society behind it. Due to the lack of social and political trust in the Soviet Union, this stability can only be called a false stability. Schtompka establishes a social generation model of trust, which expounds how to build a trust society from three aspects: the social environment of trust generation, social emotion and collective capital. This provides a reference perspective for us to study the generation of political trust. The Soviet Union in Brezhnev's time did not have these three aspects, and the whole Soviet society lacked the source of political trust, so it was impossible to form a political and cultural circulatory system related to political trust. The absence of real political trust is one of the important reasons for the eventual collapse of Soviet society, which enlightens us to pay special attention to the generation of political trust and to build a trust society.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：華東師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2011
【分類號】：D751.2

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