蘇聯(lián)公共輿論走向失控和崩潰的前因后果
發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-07-07 15:40
本文選題：戈?duì)柊蛦谭?/strong> + 公共輿論 ； 參考：《上海師范大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文
【摘要】：蘇聯(lián)的公共輿論狀況隨著時(shí)代的發(fā)展,經(jīng)歷了曲折變遷,從列寧時(shí)期對(duì)于理想雛形的初探開始到斯大林模式下的全面控制,中途雖有短暫“解凍”,但終究在僵化的體制之下呈現(xiàn)出“輿論一律”的文化專制主義傾向。戈?duì)柊蛦谭驁?zhí)政之后,推行“民主化”、“公開性”以及“多元化”,以“人道的民主的社會(huì)主義”理論作為黨的指導(dǎo)思想,但由于蘇共自身文化統(tǒng)治能力的缺失、文化專制主義傳統(tǒng)、意識(shí)形態(tài)的封閉性以及黨內(nèi)斗爭(zhēng)等因素影響,蘇聯(lián)公共輿論日趨走向失控和崩潰,導(dǎo)致民眾思想嚴(yán)重混亂,各類媒體紛紛脫離黨的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)和掌控,蘇共的社會(huì)基礎(chǔ)最終瓦解。本文通過(guò)梳理蘇聯(lián)各個(gè)時(shí)期公共輿論的變遷,著重就戈?duì)柊蛦谭驎r(shí)期蘇聯(lián)公共輿論重構(gòu)的背景、走向和結(jié)局作出分析和總結(jié)。論文的第一章對(duì)公共輿論的含義和特征、群體表達(dá)方式做了描述性的介紹,并對(duì)公共輿論和權(quán)力運(yùn)作的關(guān)系進(jìn)行展開論述。第二章主要敘述了蘇聯(lián)不同時(shí)期公共輿論狀況的曲折變遷及影響因素。第三章從蘇共對(duì)公共輿論空間重構(gòu)的努力以及公共輿論對(duì)國(guó)家和社會(huì)的態(tài)度兩個(gè)方向分析戈?duì)柊蛦谭驎r(shí)期蘇聯(lián)公共輿論的變化狀況。第四章從公共輿論傳播的內(nèi)容、主體、手段方面闡述戈?duì)柊蛦谭驎r(shí)期公共輿論走向失控和崩潰的表現(xiàn),從蘇共自身文化水平和能力、文化專制主義傳統(tǒng)、意識(shí)形態(tài)特征、黨內(nèi)分歧、領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人與現(xiàn)實(shí)的脫離、西方和平演變等方面剖析這一時(shí)期公共輿論走向失控和崩潰的原因,進(jìn)而得出啟示:國(guó)家權(quán)力要正確發(fā)揮公共輿論的“安全閥”排解作用,在堅(jiān)持社會(huì)主義方向的前提下把握輿論引導(dǎo),妥善謹(jǐn)慎處理歷史、傳統(tǒng)文化遺留和引發(fā)的問(wèn)題,樹立正確的歷史觀,處理好國(guó)家和社會(huì)的關(guān)系。
[Abstract]:With the development of the times, the state of public opinion in the Soviet Union has undergone tortuous changes. From the beginning of the initial exploration of the ideal embryonic form in Lenin period to the overall control under Stalin mode, there was a brief "thaw" in the middle of the process. But after all, under the rigid system, there is a tendency of cultural autocracy. After Gorbachev came to power, he carried out "democratization", "openness" and "pluralism", taking the theory of "humane democratic socialism" as the guiding ideology of the party, but due to the lack of the Soviet Communist Party's own cultural ruling ability, Under the influence of the cultural autocratic tradition, the closeness of ideology and the inner-party struggle, the Soviet public opinion is getting out of control and collapsing day by day, which leads to the serious confusion of the people's thoughts, and all kinds of media break away from the leadership and control of the Party one after another. The social foundation of the Soviet Communist Party finally collapsed. By combing the changes of public opinion in each period of Soviet Union, this paper analyzes and summarizes the background, trend and outcome of the reconstruction of Soviet public opinion in Gorbachev's time. In the first chapter, the meaning and characteristics of public opinion, the mode of group expression are introduced, and the relationship between public opinion and power operation is discussed. The second chapter mainly narrates the tortuous changes of public opinion in different periods of Soviet Union and its influencing factors. The third chapter analyzes the changes of Soviet public opinion in Gorbachev period from two aspects: the Soviet Communist Party's efforts to reconstruct the space of public opinion and the attitude of public opinion to the state and society. The fourth chapter from the public opinion dissemination content, the main body, the means aspect elaborated Gorbachev period public opinion to go out of control and the collapse performance, from the Soviet Communist Party's own cultural level and the ability, the cultural autocracy tradition, the ideology characteristic. The differences within the Party, the separation of leaders from reality, the peaceful evolution of the West, and so on, analyze the reasons why public opinion has gone out of control and collapsed in this period, and then draw inspiration: the state power should play the role of "safety valve" of public opinion correctly. Under the premise of adhering to the socialist direction, we should grasp the guidance of public opinion, properly handle the problems left over and caused by history, traditional culture, establish a correct view of history, and handle well the relations between the state and society.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：上海師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號(hào)】：D751.2
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