本文選題：社會(huì)民主黨 + 組織��； 參考：《山東大學(xué)》2010年博士論文

【摘要】： 政黨發(fā)展的歷史同時(shí)也是各政黨的變革史,政黨的變革一般是在其外在環(huán)境變遷和內(nèi)在因素發(fā)展的雙向刺激下進(jìn)行的。政黨組織能否適應(yīng)時(shí)代的變化作出相應(yīng)的變革對(duì)于其功能能否充分發(fā)揮至關(guān)重要。 社會(huì)民主黨是歐洲政壇一支重要的執(zhí)政力量,自誕生以來也一向銳意改革。冷戰(zhàn)的巨大沖擊使社會(huì)民主黨不僅在理論上逐漸迷茫,在實(shí)踐中也深陷執(zhí)政危機(jī),長(zhǎng)期處于在野狀態(tài)。在政黨競(jìng)爭(zhēng)十分激烈的歐洲政壇,長(zhǎng)期不能執(zhí)政是十分危險(xiǎn)的。為此,冷戰(zhàn)后社會(huì)民主黨痛定思痛,在政治、經(jīng)濟(jì)等各方面進(jìn)行了大幅度調(diào)整,其中對(duì)黨的組織也進(jìn)行了全面變革,以迎合選民的需求。20世紀(jì)90年代末,變革后的社會(huì)民主黨終于迎來了黨的“復(fù)興”。本文應(yīng)用結(jié)構(gòu)功能主義和比較分析法,對(duì)社會(huì)民主黨此次組織上的變革從理論、背景、內(nèi)容、成效和啟示五大方面進(jìn)行了全面分析。全文著力論證和闡述了以下主要觀點(diǎn)： 一、社會(huì)分野理論、環(huán)境主義理論、制度變遷理論和政黨競(jìng)爭(zhēng)理論分別從不同角度闡釋了政黨組織變革的緣由,西方學(xué)者們也具體分析了政黨組織變革的三種分析路徑,即生命周期分析路徑、系統(tǒng)層面分析路徑和突變分析路徑。但概括而言,政黨組織的變革是政黨對(duì)來自外界各種挑戰(zhàn)的一種應(yīng)對(duì)性回應(yīng)。 二、政黨本質(zhì)上是惰于變革的大型組織,但當(dāng)黨的生存環(huán)境發(fā)生巨大變化時(shí),為保持黨長(zhǎng)久的生命力和強(qiáng)大的競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力,進(jìn)而保證黨不被排除在政治體系之外,黨不得不進(jìn)行相應(yīng)的變革,即政黨組織的變革是有著一定的時(shí)代背景的。冷戰(zhàn)后歐洲社會(huì)民主黨組織的變革也有著其獨(dú)特的國際、國內(nèi)和自身背景,其中,全球化、信息化的發(fā)展、冷戰(zhàn)的結(jié)束和民主社會(huì)主義的理論困境是其變革的國際背景：社會(huì)結(jié)構(gòu)的變化和其它非主流政黨對(duì)它的沖擊是其變革的國內(nèi)背景；黨自身繁瑣的組織結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)置、濃厚的階級(jí)色彩、有限的政治參與渠道和復(fù)雜的政黨文化不能適應(yīng)時(shí)代發(fā)展的要求是其變革的內(nèi)在因素。 三、冷戰(zhàn)后歐洲社會(huì)民主黨組織的變革是一場(chǎng)全面的變革,在組織類型、組織基礎(chǔ)、組織運(yùn)作、組織機(jī)構(gòu)、組織決策、組織紀(jì)律和組織目標(biāo)等各個(gè)方面都進(jìn)行了廣泛的變革。其中,從組織類型上看,冷戰(zhàn)后社會(huì)民主黨的大眾黨特征進(jìn)一步減弱,“全方位黨”特征更為突出；從組織基礎(chǔ)上看,冷戰(zhàn)后的社會(huì)民主黨更加淡化其階級(jí)色彩,大力向中產(chǎn)階級(jí)靠攏；從組織運(yùn)作上看,隨著媒體更深的介入,社會(huì)民主黨成員的作用大大降低；從組織機(jī)構(gòu)上看,冷戰(zhàn)后社會(huì)民主黨簡(jiǎn)化機(jī)構(gòu)形式,強(qiáng)化中央權(quán)力；從組織原則上看,社會(huì)民主黨在冷戰(zhàn)后更加強(qiáng)調(diào)直接民主和基層民主的切實(shí)實(shí)現(xiàn)；從組織紀(jì)律上看,冷戰(zhàn)后的社會(huì)民主黨用更為嚴(yán)格的紀(jì)律對(duì)黨實(shí)行更強(qiáng)有力的監(jiān)督；從組織目標(biāo)上看,冷戰(zhàn)后的社會(huì)民主黨反思其社會(huì)主義目標(biāo)后,更為強(qiáng)調(diào)公正、自由、互助等社會(huì)民主主義核心價(jià)值觀的主導(dǎo)作用。 四、社會(huì)民主黨組織的變革仍在進(jìn)行之中,但就目前來看,其組織變革的近期目標(biāo),即重新執(zhí)掌政權(quán)的目標(biāo)已經(jīng)基本實(shí)現(xiàn),各國社會(huì)民主黨紛紛得以上臺(tái)執(zhí)政或參政。但是我們也要看到,社會(huì)民主黨內(nèi)部深層次的矛盾仍未解決,仍面臨著選民信任和認(rèn)同危機(jī)、選舉變數(shù)相對(duì)較大等各種問題,其組織特色因其政策的實(shí)用性也在逐漸消失。 五、歐洲社會(huì)民主黨組織變革的經(jīng)驗(yàn)教訓(xùn)對(duì)中國共產(chǎn)黨組織上的改革有著重要的借鑒意義,有助于我們進(jìn)一步加大改革力度,在擴(kuò)大民主決策、調(diào)整權(quán)力配置和鞏固執(zhí)政根基等各方面采取新的舉措,以實(shí)現(xiàn)社會(huì)主義民主,成為真正能體現(xiàn)和代表民意的現(xiàn)代化政黨。
[Abstract]:The history of the political party's development is also the history of the changes of the political parties. The reform of the party is generally carried out under the two-way stimulus of environmental changes and internal factors. It is important for the party organization to adapt to the changes of the times and make the function full of its function.
The Social Democratic Party is an important ruling power in the political world of Europe, and has always been keen on reform since its birth. The great impact of the cold war made the Social Democratic Party not only confused in theory but also in power crisis in practice. In the long time, the political arena in which the political party is very fierce is very dangerous. To this end, after the cold war, the Social Democratic Party has made a big adjustment in the political, economic and other aspects, in which the party organization has also been completely changed to meet the needs of the voters in the late 90s of the.20 century. The Social Democratic Party after the change has finally ushered in the "revival" of the party. This article applies structural functionalism and comparison. This paper makes a comprehensive analysis of the reform of the Social Democratic Party in this organization from five aspects: theory, background, content, effect and enlightenment.
First, the theory of social division, the theory of environmentalism, the theory of institutional change and the theory of party competition explain the reason for the change of Party organization from different angles. The western scholars have also analyzed the three analytical paths of the party organization change, that is, the life cycle analysis path, the analysis path of the system level and the path of catastrophe analysis. In other words, the change of Party organization is a responsive response of political parties to various challenges from outside.
Two, the party is essentially a large organization that is inert to change, but when the party's living environment has changed greatly, in order to keep the party's long life and strong competitiveness, and to ensure that the party is not excluded from the political system, the party has to carry out the corresponding change, that is, the reform of the political party group has a certain background. The change of the Social Democratic Party of Europe also has its own unique international, domestic and own background. Among them, globalization, the development of information, the end of the cold war and the theoretical predicament of democratic socialism are the international background of its change: the changes in social structure and the impact of other non mainstream political parties on it are the domestic background of its change; The internal factors of the change are the complicated organizational structure, the strong class color, the limited political participation channel and the complex party culture which can not meet the requirements of the development of the times.
Three, after the cold war, the change of the Social Democratic Party organization in the post cold war was a comprehensive change. A wide variety of changes have been made in the types of organization, organization, organization, organization, organizational decision-making, organizational discipline and organizational goals. Among them, the Social Democratic Party's characteristics of the party have been further weakened after the cold war. The characteristics of the "all directional party" are more prominent; on the basis of organization, the Social Democratic Party after the cold war has desalinated its class color and drew close to the middle class. From the organization and operation, with the deeper involvement of the media, the role of the members of the Social Democratic Party has been greatly reduced; from the group fabric, the Social Democratic Party's simplified institution after the cold war. Form, strengthen the central power; from the organizational principle, the Social Democratic Party emphasized the practical realization of direct democracy and grass-roots democracy after the cold war. From the organizational discipline, the Social Democratic Party after the cold war used more strict discipline to supervise the party more forcefully; from the organizational goal, the Social Democrats rethink after the cold war. After its socialist goal, it emphasizes the leading role of the core values of social democracy, such as justice, freedom and mutual assistance.
Four, the reform of the Social Democratic Party is still in progress, but in the present time, the goal of its organizational change, that is, the goal of reorganizing the government, has been basically realized, and the Social Democratic Party of all countries has to be in power or political participation. But we should also see that the deep-seated contradictions within the Social Democratic Party still remain unsolved and still face the choice. People's trust and identity crisis, relatively large electoral variables and other issues, its organizational characteristics are gradually disappearing due to the practicality of its policies.
Five, the experience and lessons of the change of the organization of the Social Democratic Party of Europe have an important reference for the reform of the Communist Party of China. It will help us to further strengthen the reform, take new measures to expand democratic decision-making, adjust the power allocation and consolidate the foundation of the ruling, so as to achieve socialist democracy and become a real energy. Modern political parties representing and representing public opinion.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：山東大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2010
【分類號(hào)】：D75

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