本文選題：蘇聯(lián) + 政治生活�。� 參考：《華東師范大學(xué)》2003年博士論文

【摘要】： 從人類社會(huì)發(fā)展和人類文明演進(jìn)的實(shí)際進(jìn)程來看，是資本主義第一次實(shí)現(xiàn)了政治制度化的政治實(shí)踐形式。這就是說，資本主義的政治生活具有了民主化、規(guī)范化、法制化、程序化和可預(yù)測(cè)性的特征。從理論意義上講，社會(huì)主義制度本應(yīng)是比資本主義制度更為高級(jí)的社會(huì)實(shí)踐形式，本應(yīng)是使在資本主義制度下所取得的政治制度化成果獲得更為生動(dòng)、具體的鮮活內(nèi)容，然而，在蘇共執(zhí)政過程中，非但沒有實(shí)現(xiàn)這種超越，反而在蘇聯(lián)的政治實(shí)踐中產(chǎn)生了大量的非制度化的現(xiàn)象。造成這種情況的原因是什么?它對(duì)蘇聯(lián)政治生活的演進(jìn)產(chǎn)生了什么樣的影響和后果?正是這些疑問，促使我開始對(duì)蘇聯(lián)政治生活中的非制度化現(xiàn)象發(fā)生興趣的。本論文即是從非制度化的角度對(duì)蘇聯(lián)政治及其走向敗亡所進(jìn)行的一項(xiàng)初步研究。 本論文由七個(gè)部分組成。 緒論部分首先在對(duì)蘇聯(lián)政治及其敗亡的研究現(xiàn)狀作出說明的基礎(chǔ)上，闡明為什么要選擇從“非制度化”的視角對(duì)蘇聯(lián)政治進(jìn)行研究。然后對(duì)本文所涉及的主要概念——制度化、政治制度化、非制度化等作了闡釋。最后對(duì)本論文所運(yùn)用的研究方法作了簡(jiǎn)要說明。 第一章對(duì)蘇聯(lián)的基本政治制度模式及其弊端進(jìn)行了梳理。探明蘇聯(lián)的基本政治制度模式是我們分析蘇聯(lián)政治生活中的非制度化現(xiàn)象的前提和基礎(chǔ)。因?yàn)橹挥信靼滋K聯(lián)的基本政治制度模式，才能很好地認(rèn)識(shí)到蘇聯(lián)政治運(yùn)行過程中，哪些活動(dòng)符合了既定的政治制度規(guī)范，哪些則是突破、違背了既定的政治制度的框架。本章主要圍繞蘇維埃制度、蘇聯(lián)共產(chǎn)黨、黨政關(guān)系的基本框架加以展開。 第二章主要是對(duì)非制度化現(xiàn)象在蘇聯(lián)的表現(xiàn)與特征進(jìn)行概述。筆者首先按照歷史發(fā)展的邏輯順序?qū)α袑帟r(shí)期、斯大林時(shí)期和后斯大林時(shí)期的非制度化現(xiàn)象分別作了簡(jiǎn)明扼要的梳理，然后歸納出蘇聯(lián)政治生活中的非制度化現(xiàn)象的四個(gè)主要特征：1、政治經(jīng)常借助于意識(shí)形態(tài)的力量，并以二元論的形態(tài)表現(xiàn)出來；2、人治的而非法治的；3、以對(duì)生產(chǎn)關(guān)系的調(diào)整為手段；4、主觀主義、教條主義、形式主義、官僚主義色彩濃厚等等。 第三章分析了非制度化現(xiàn)象產(chǎn)生的原因。筆者認(rèn)為，蘇聯(lián)政治生活中嚴(yán)重的非制度化現(xiàn)象產(chǎn)生的原因主要有如下幾個(gè)方面：剛性的意識(shí)形態(tài)、超前的文化模式、極端的民族性格、制度性缺陷、未完成的轉(zhuǎn)變——由革命黨到執(zhí)政黨、合法性問題意識(shí)的缺失、國(guó)際因素等。 第四章考察了非制度化現(xiàn)象給蘇聯(lián)帶來的政治后果。總體而言，非制度化現(xiàn)象造成 了嚴(yán)重的政治后果，舉其要端，主要表現(xiàn)為:1、作為社會(huì)結(jié)構(gòu)上層的黨政官僚階層內(nèi)部 的非制度性緊張，2、作為社會(huì)基礎(chǔ)的民眾的政治冷漠，3、意識(shí)形態(tài)的過度剛性化，，4、 蘇共執(zhí)政合法性資源的流失與枯竭。 第五章主要就如何克服和避免非制度化現(xiàn)象而展開。筆者主張，在執(zhí)政理念方面必 須正確處理好五個(gè)方面的問題:1、必須實(shí)現(xiàn)由革命黨向執(zhí)政黨的轉(zhuǎn)變;2、必須正確認(rèn) 識(shí)執(zhí)政黨權(quán)力的來源:3、必須正確認(rèn)識(shí)執(zhí)政黨的階級(jí)基礎(chǔ)和社會(huì)基礎(chǔ):4、必須正確認(rèn) 識(shí)社會(huì)矛盾和社會(huì)差別:5、必須樹立合法性的問題意識(shí)。在執(zhí)政方式方面必須正確處理 好三個(gè)方面的問題:1、要正確處理好黨和國(guó)家的關(guān)系:2、要正確處理好黨、國(guó)家與社 會(huì)之間的關(guān)系:3、要實(shí)現(xiàn)政治制度化。在意識(shí)形態(tài)領(lǐng)域必須塑造具有靈活性和彈性的意 識(shí)形態(tài)。 在結(jié)束語部分，筆者對(duì)蘇聯(lián)政治生活中的非制度化現(xiàn)象進(jìn)行了反思，談了四點(diǎn)粗淺 的看法:1、應(yīng)該正確看待蘇聯(lián)政治生活中的非制度化現(xiàn)象:2、應(yīng)該以發(fā)展的眼光看待 社會(huì)主義:3、應(yīng)該采取積極的合理、合法的措施認(rèn)真解決和防范政治發(fā)展進(jìn)程中的非制 度化現(xiàn)象:4、應(yīng)該對(duì)社會(huì)主義的發(fā)展前途充滿信心。
[Abstract]:From the actual progress of the development of human society and the evolution of human civilization, it is the political practice form of the first political institutionalization of capitalism. That is to say, the political life of capitalism has the characteristics of democratization, normalization, legalization, procedure and predictability. In theoretical sense, the socialist system should be the ratio of the socialist system. The more advanced form of social practice in the capitalist system should be to make the achievements of the political institutionalization obtained under the capitalist system more vivid and concrete. However, in the process of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union, it has not realized such transcendence, but has produced a large number of non institutionalized phenomena in the political practice of the Soviet Union. What is the cause of this situation? What influence and consequence does it have on the evolution of the political life of the Soviet Union? These questions have prompted me to begin to be interested in the non institutionalization of the Soviet political life. This paper is a preliminary study of the Soviet Union Politics and its failure from the Perspective of non institutionalization. Research.
This paper is composed of seven parts.
On the basis of explaining the current situation of Soviet politics and its failure, the introduction clarifies why the Soviet politics should be studied from the perspective of "non institutionalization", and then the main concepts involved in this article are explained, such as institutionalization, political institutionalization, and non degree of control. Finally, the paper is used in this paper. A brief description of the research method is made.
The first chapter of the Soviet Union's basic political system model and its shortcomings have been combed. The basic political system model of the Soviet Union is the prerequisite and basis for the analysis of the non institutionalization of Soviet political life. Only by understanding the basic political system mode of the Soviet Union, can we understand the political process of the Soviet Union. Some activities conform to the established political system norms, which are breakthroughs and violate the framework of the established political system. This chapter focuses on the basic framework of the Soviet system, the Communist Party of the Soviet Union, and the relationship between the party and the government.
The second chapter is an overview of the manifestations and characteristics of the non institutionalized phenomenon in the Soviet Union. First, the author, according to the logical sequence of historical development, combed the non institutionalized phenomena of Lenin period, Stalin period and post Stalin period respectively, and then summed up the four non institutionalized phenomena in the political life of the Soviet Union. The main features are as follows: 1, politics often uses the power of ideology and is displayed in the form of dualism; 2, the rule of man is unlawfully treated; 3, the adjustment of the relationship of production as a means; 4, subjectivism, dogmatism, formalism, bureaucratism and so on.
The third chapter analyzes the causes of the phenomenon of non institutionalization. The author believes that the causes of the serious non institutionalization in the Soviet political life are mainly as follows: rigid ideology, advanced cultural pattern, extreme national character, institutional defects, and uncompleted transformation from the revolutionary party to the ruling party, and the legitimacy of the Soviet Union. Lack of awareness of problems, international factors, etc.
The fourth chapter examines the political consequences of non institutionalization on the Soviet Union.
The major political consequences are as follows: 1, as the upper class of the social structure, the party and government bureaucracy is in the middle.
Non institutional tension, 2, the political apathy of the people as a social foundation, 3, the over rigidity of ideology, and 4,
The loss and exhaustion of the legitimate resources of the Communist Party of the Communist Party of the Communist Party of China.
The fifth chapter mainly focuses on how to overcome and avoid the phenomenon of non institutionalization.
We must correctly handle five problems: 1, we must realize the transformation from the revolutionary party to the ruling party; 2, we must confirm it.
Knowing the source of the ruling party's power: 3, we must correctly understand the class foundation and social foundation of the ruling party: 4, we must confirm positively.
Understanding social contradictions and social differences: 5, we must establish a sense of legitimacy. We must correctly handle the way of governance.
There are three problems: 1, we must correctly handle the relationship between the party and the state: 2, we must correctly handle the party, state and society.
3, to achieve political institutionalization, we must create flexibility and flexibility in the ideological field.
Understand form.
In the concluding remarks, the author rethinks the phenomenon of non institutionalization in the Soviet Union's political life and talks about four points.
Opinions: 1, we should correctly treat the non institutionalization of Soviet political life: 2, we should look at it from a developmental perspective.
Socialism: 3, positive, reasonable and lawful measures should be taken to solve and prevent the non development in the process of political development.
Degree: 4, we should have confidence in the future of socialism.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：華東師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2003
【分類號(hào)】：D751.2

【引證文獻(xiàn)】

相關(guān)期刊論文 前2條

1 陸丹紅;;農(nóng)民工非制度化政治參與研究綜述[J];考試周刊;2007年28期

2 黃永鵬;;高壓管制下蘇聯(lián)社會(huì)意識(shí)形態(tài)的裂變[J];襄樊職業(yè)技術(shù)學(xué)院學(xué)報(bào);2010年05期

相關(guān)博士學(xué)位論文 前2條

1 魏云;壓力型體制下的行政問責(zé)模式研究[D];復(fù)旦大學(xué);2011年

2 陳曉丹;馬克思主義代議制思想研究[D];東北師范大學(xué);2011年

相關(guān)碩士學(xué)位論文 前3條

1 劉偉;關(guān)于斯大林時(shí)期的“官僚特權(quán)階層”問題[D];吉林大學(xué);2006年

2 楊道忠;農(nóng)民工非制度化政治參與研究[D];浙江師范大學(xué);2008年

3 陳歡歡;蘇聯(lián)社會(huì)意識(shí)形態(tài)管控模式研究[D];中南大學(xué);2010年

本文編號(hào)：2051647