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  本文選題：日本 + 五五年體制�。� 參考：《湖南師范大學(xué)》2009年碩士論文

【摘要】： 作為日本行政改革的重要組成部分,日本政府機(jī)構(gòu)改革深受其特殊的經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展模式、民主政治體制和文化底蘊(yùn)的影響,體現(xiàn)出其鮮明的民族特點(diǎn)和時代特色。首先,日本政府主導(dǎo)的經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展模式致使日本的行政體制在戰(zhàn)后呈現(xiàn)出明顯“中央集權(quán)”的特征,政府機(jī)構(gòu)與人員具有一種難以抑制的膨脹沖動。其次,政治上的自民黨“一黨優(yōu)位”和長期執(zhí)政使日本官僚、政治家和經(jīng)濟(jì)團(tuán)體充分融合,盤根錯節(jié),阻礙改革的進(jìn)程。再次,日本文化的“集團(tuán)主義”特征既是影響日本選擇行政體制的重要因素,也是左右機(jī)構(gòu)改革的不可忽視的底蘊(yùn)。 支配日本機(jī)構(gòu)改革的主線是經(jīng)濟(jì)的發(fā)展?fàn)顩r。日本經(jīng)歷了高速發(fā)展期、低速發(fā)展期與經(jīng)濟(jì)低迷期,而機(jī)構(gòu)改革相應(yīng)地經(jīng)歷了膨脹與反膨脹時期、內(nèi)部調(diào)整時期、大部門體制改革時期,但是經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展對機(jī)構(gòu)改革影響不是直接的,它往往要經(jīng)過一段時間的“時滯效應(yīng)”才能體現(xiàn)出來。同時,它還受到來自政治體制、文化特點(diǎn)和時代特點(diǎn)等的交叉影響,體現(xiàn)出明顯的個性特點(diǎn),如在方法和方式上,多采用“審議會”的模式,一步到位的策略、持續(xù)推進(jìn)的方式等。當(dāng)然,鮮明的個性在另一方面所反映出來的恰恰是內(nèi)在的規(guī)律性,即機(jī)構(gòu)改革的成敗與經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展、政府職能轉(zhuǎn)變、政治主導(dǎo)之間的內(nèi)在聯(lián)系。 日本政府機(jī)構(gòu)改革遭遇過重重困難和問題,如膨脹——精簡——膨脹的惡性循環(huán),政府職能之間的嚴(yán)重交叉,行政效率的低下等等,同時日本政府也探索過多種多樣的改革方式和手段,積累了豐富的經(jīng)驗和教訓(xùn)。中國的經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展模式、文化等方面與日本有很多得相似之處,且正處于經(jīng)濟(jì)的高速發(fā)展期,日本機(jī)構(gòu)改革的經(jīng)驗教訓(xùn)對中國行政改革,特別是當(dāng)前的大部門體制改革有重要的借鑒意義。
[Abstract]:As an important part of Japan's administrative reform, the reform of Japanese government institutions is deeply influenced by its special economic development model, democratic political system and cultural background, which embodies its distinctive national and contemporary characteristics. First of all, the economic development mode led by the Japanese government caused the Japanese administrative system to show the characteristic of "centralization" after the war, and the government agencies and personnel had an irrepressible expansion impulse. Second, the political LDP's "one-party dominance" and long-term governance have made Japan's bureaucrats, politicians, and economic groups fully integrated and intertwined, hindering the process of reform. Thirdly, the "collectivism" of Japanese culture is not only an important factor that influences Japan's choice of administrative system, but also an important part of institutional reform. The main line that dominates Japan's institutional reform is the state of economic development. Japan has experienced a period of rapid development, a period of low speed development and a period of economic downturn, while the institutional reform has experienced a period of expansion and anti-expansion, a period of internal adjustment, a period of structural reform of large departments. However, the influence of economic development on institutional reform is not direct, it often takes a period of time to reflect the "lag effect". At the same time, it is also influenced by the political system, the cultural characteristics and the characteristics of the times and so on. It shows obvious personality characteristics, such as adopting the mode of "examining the council" and adopting a one-step strategy in terms of methods and methods. A way to keep pushing, etc. Of course, on the other hand, the distinct personality reflects the inherent regularity, that is, the internal relationship between the success or failure of institutional reform and economic development, the transformation of government functions, and political dominance. The reform of Japanese government institutions has encountered many difficulties and problems, such as the vicious circle of inflation-reduction-inflation, the serious intersection of government functions, the low administrative efficiency, and so on. At the same time, the Japanese government has explored a variety of ways and means of reform, accumulated rich experience and lessons. China's economic development model, culture and other aspects have many similarities with Japan, and are in a period of rapid economic development. The experience and lessons of Japanese institutional reform have taught China's administrative reform. In particular, the current large-department system reform has important reference significance.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：湖南師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2009
【分類號】：D731.3

【引證文獻(xiàn)】

相關(guān)碩士學(xué)位論文 前1條

1 曲穎;日本行政文化變革與整合及其對中國的啟示[D];黑龍江大學(xué);2011年

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本文編號：2028868