本文選題：俄國民粹派 + 理論主張　； 參考：《山西大學(xué)》2011年碩士論文

【摘要】：俄國民粹派是近代俄國史上一個(gè)代表農(nóng)民小生產(chǎn)者利益的政治團(tuán)體。其名稱來源于19世紀(jì)70年代俄國平民知識分子所掀起的“到民間去”運(yùn)動(dòng)。俄國民粹派的政治理論與政治實(shí)踐對近代俄國的歷史發(fā)展和革命運(yùn)動(dòng)產(chǎn)生了巨大而深遠(yuǎn)的影響。系統(tǒng)地研究近代俄國民粹派的理論與實(shí)踐,可以深化對民粹主義概念和相關(guān)理論的理解,可以進(jìn)一步探討它對俄國社會(huì)歷史發(fā)展以及社會(huì)主義運(yùn)動(dòng)所產(chǎn)生的積極和消極影響,也可以為當(dāng)前我國的社會(huì)經(jīng)濟(jì)轉(zhuǎn)型、社會(huì)主義事業(yè)發(fā)展和執(zhí)政黨建設(shè)提供有益的參考和建設(shè)性的意見。 本論文主體共分四部分： 第一部分緒論,主要介紹了本研究的目的和意義、國內(nèi)外研究現(xiàn)狀、研究思路、研究方法、創(chuàng)新與不足等方面的內(nèi)容,在總體上對文章進(jìn)行了簡要的概述。 第二部分俄國民粹派的理論主張,先對俄國民粹派作了簡單概述。接著詳細(xì)論述了俄國民粹派的理論淵源：斯拉夫思想、赫爾岑等人的“村社”社會(huì)主義思想、近代空想社會(huì)主義思潮；俄國民粹派的三個(gè)理論流派：拉普洛夫派、巴枯寧派和特卡喬夫派；指出俄國民粹派理論主張的核心是村社問題,實(shí)質(zhì)是以俄國獨(dú)有的村社對抗資本主義的挑戰(zhàn),把俄國的村社理想化,把俄國的農(nóng)民及其價(jià)值浪漫化,是一種幻想超越具體歷史形態(tài)的理想主義,最大的局限性是其歷史觀上帶有唯心主義色彩和空想成分。 第三部分俄國民粹派的政治實(shí)踐,集中敘述了俄國民粹派掀起的“到民間去”運(yùn)動(dòng)和運(yùn)動(dòng)失敗后的一系列恐怖暴力活動(dòng),并對其進(jìn)行了評價(jià),指出了“到民間去”運(yùn)動(dòng)的四個(gè)重大意義和恐怖暴力活動(dòng)的局限性是將反對專制制度的“天然同盟——工廠主、地主和城市自治活動(dòng)分子嚇跑,使斗爭脫離了人民群眾,最終不可避免走向失敗” 第四部分則在前兩部分的基礎(chǔ)上,比較系統(tǒng)地對俄國民粹派和民粹主義進(jìn)行了評價(jià),提出了幾點(diǎn)認(rèn)識：俄國民粹主義是近代俄國現(xiàn)代化轉(zhuǎn)型的產(chǎn)物；俄國民粹主義是近代俄國社會(huì)民主化運(yùn)動(dòng)的產(chǎn)物；俄國民粹主義對社會(huì)主義運(yùn)動(dòng)有重大影響。最后得出應(yīng)該理性對待民粹主義的結(jié)論。
[Abstract]:The Russian populists are a political organization representing the interests of peasant small producers in the history of modern Russia. Its name derives from the "go to the Folk" movement set off by the Russian civilian intellectuals in the 1870s. The political theory and practice of Russian populists had a great and profound influence on the historical development and revolutionary movement of modern Russia. A systematic study of the theory and practice of modern Russian populists can deepen the understanding of populist concepts and related theories, and further explore its positive and negative effects on the social and historical development of Russia and the socialist movement. It can also provide useful reference and constructive advice for the current social and economic transformation, the development of socialist cause and the construction of the ruling party. The main body of this paper is divided into four parts: the first part is introduction, This paper mainly introduces the purpose and significance of this study, the current research situation at home and abroad, research ideas, research methods, innovations and deficiencies, and gives a brief overview of the article as a whole. The second part is the theory of Russian populists. First of all, a brief overview of the Russian populists. Then it discusses in detail the theoretical origin of Russian populists: Slavic thought, Herzen's socialist thought of "village community", modern utopian socialist thought, and three theoretical schools of Russian populist school: Laplofuvism, Bakunin and Tkachev pointed out that the core of the theory of Russian populism is the issue of village community. In essence, it is to use the unique village community of Russia to confront the challenge of capitalism, to idealize the Russian village community and to romanticize the Russian peasants and their values. It is a kind of idealism which transcends the concrete historical form. The biggest limitation is that its historical view has idealism and utopian elements. The third part is the political practice of Russian populists. This paper focuses on a series of terrorist and violent activities initiated by the Russian populists and after the defeat of the "go to the Folk" movement, and evaluates them. It points out the four great significance of the movement of "going to the people" and the limitation of the terrorist and violent activities, which are to scare away the "factory owners, landlords and urban autonomous activists" who oppose the autocratic system, and to separate the struggle from the masses of the people. The fourth part evaluates Russian populism and populism systematically on the basis of the first two parts, and puts forward some cognition: Russian populism is the product of modern Russian modernization transformation; Russian populism is the product of the democratization movement of modern Russian society, and Russian populism has great influence on the socialist movement. Finally, the conclusion that populism should be treated rationally.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：山西大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2011
【分類號】：D095.12;D751.2

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