本文選題：政治轉(zhuǎn)型 + 民主政治　； 參考：《廣西師范大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：從20世紀(jì)60年代開始一直到90年代初,柬埔寨國內(nèi)政變、戰(zhàn)亂、暴政交織不斷,一度是世界上最為動(dòng)亂且命途多舛的國家。但是,從90年代開始,柬埔寨卻很快走上了和平、穩(wěn)定和民主的政治發(fā)展道路。與同一時(shí)期甚至后一時(shí)期其它政治轉(zhuǎn)型國家相比,柬埔寨90年代以來的政治轉(zhuǎn)型應(yīng)該說是出人意外且比較成功,很值得研究。本文擬對(duì)此作專門探討。文章主要從以下四個(gè)方面展開:一、概述20世紀(jì)90年代以來柬埔寨政治轉(zhuǎn)型的歷史背景。其所面臨的國際背景主要有經(jīng)濟(jì)全球化、第三波民主化浪潮、蘇東巨變、聯(lián)合國組織的影響、其他大國影響五個(gè)方面;其所處的國內(nèi)背景則主要有戰(zhàn)亂頻繁與極左路線、經(jīng)濟(jì)結(jié)構(gòu)發(fā)展變化、非政府組織的壯大、政治文化傳統(tǒng)、政治精英的影響等五個(gè)方面。二、梳理20世紀(jì)90年代以來柬埔寨政治轉(zhuǎn)型的過程及特點(diǎn)。按照柬埔寨政權(quán)更迭的順序,柬埔寨政治轉(zhuǎn)型經(jīng)歷了兩權(quán)并存時(shí)期(指越南扶植的金邊政權(quán)與民主柬埔寨聯(lián)合政府并存時(shí)期)、1993年民主制度的初步建立時(shí)期、1993-1998年民主制度的曲折發(fā)展時(shí)期、2003年以來民主制度鞏固發(fā)展時(shí)期共四個(gè)時(shí)期。柬埔寨政治轉(zhuǎn)型的特點(diǎn)主要包括:聯(lián)合國主導(dǎo);各方勢(shì)力契約性妥協(xié),非暴力化;政治制度自主化,非殖民化;轉(zhuǎn)型結(jié)果,現(xiàn)代化民主化為突出這四個(gè)方面。三、分析整理20世紀(jì)90年代以來柬埔寨政治轉(zhuǎn)型過程中取得的主要成就及存在問題。其主要成就主要體現(xiàn)在:政局實(shí)現(xiàn)基本穩(wěn)定,多黨民主政治不斷發(fā)展;現(xiàn)代議會(huì)君主立憲制基本確立,王室參政受限;三權(quán)分立的框架基本確立,行政權(quán)主導(dǎo)地位明顯;對(duì)外關(guān)系得到改善,提高了柬埔寨國際地位。其主要問題則表現(xiàn)為:民主制度建設(shè)尚需完善;政治腐敗問題仍有存在;民眾民主意識(shí)較弱。四、探討20世紀(jì)90年代以來柬埔寨政治轉(zhuǎn)型可以為我們提供的主要啟示。本文主要指出,20世紀(jì)90年代以來的柬埔寨政治轉(zhuǎn)型,至少可以為一些發(fā)展中國家提供如下經(jīng)驗(yàn)啟示:第一,政治轉(zhuǎn)型需要契約性妥協(xié)精神;第二,政治制度的重建必須適合本國國情;第三,政治穩(wěn)定必須建立在現(xiàn)代化、法理化基礎(chǔ)之上;第四,民主化道路,是各種不同類型國家現(xiàn)代化和平化發(fā)展的必由之路。
[Abstract]:From the 1960s to the early 1990s, there were coups d'etat in Cambodia, war and tyranny intertwined, which was once the most troubled and ill-fated country in the world. But since the 1990 s, Cambodia has quickly embarked on a path of peaceful, stable and democratic politics. Compared with other political transition countries in the same period or even in the latter period, Cambodia's political transition since the 1990s should be said to be unexpected and relatively successful, and it is worth studying. This article intends to make the special discussion to this. The article mainly starts from the following four aspects: first, summarizes the historical background of Cambodia's political transformation since 1990's. The international context it faces mainly includes five aspects: economic globalization, the third wave of democratization, the great changes in the Soviet Union and East Europe, the influence of the United Nations organizations, and the influence of other major powers, while its domestic background is mainly characterized by frequent wars and the far-left line. The development and change of economic structure, the growth of NGOs, the tradition of political culture and the influence of political elite. Second, combing the process and characteristics of political transformation in Cambodia since 1990 s. In the order of regime change in Cambodia, The political transition in Cambodia has gone through a period of coexistence of two powers (i.e., the coexistence of the Phnom Penh regime and the Democratic Kampuchea coalition government), the initial establishment of the democratic system in 1993 and the tortuous development of the democratic system in 1993-1998. There are four periods to consolidate and develop democracy. The characteristics of Cambodia's political transformation mainly include: United Nations leading; contractual compromise of all parties, non-violence; political system autonomy, decolonization; the result of transformation; modernization and democratization of the four aspects. Third, analyze the main achievements and existing problems in the process of political transformation in Cambodia since 1990's. Its main achievements are as follows: the political situation is basically stable, the multi-party democratic politics is developing, the constitutional monarchy of the modern parliament is basically established, the royal family's participation in politics is restricted, the framework of the separation of the three powers is basically established, and the dominant position of the executive power is obvious; Foreign relations have improved and Cambodia's international status has been enhanced. The main problems are: the construction of democratic system still needs to be perfected, the problem of political corruption still exists, and the democratic consciousness of the people is weak. Fourth, to explore the political transformation of Cambodia since the 1990 s can provide us with the main enlightenment. This paper mainly points out that the political transition in Cambodia since the 1990s can at least provide some developing countries with the following lessons: first, political transformation needs a spirit of contractual compromise; second, The reconstruction of political system must be suited to the national conditions; third, political stability must be based on modernization, law and chemistry; fourth, the road of democratization is the only way to the peaceful development of modernization in different types of countries.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：廣西師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：D733.5

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