本文選題：歐盟 + 俄羅斯��； 參考：《南京大學(xué)》2012年碩士論文

【摘要】：本文探討的是冷戰(zhàn)之后歐盟對俄羅斯認(rèn)知的變化以及歐俄在安全領(lǐng)域從拒斥到合作的過程,有兩個主要因素影響著歐洲對俄羅斯的認(rèn)知,就是歐洲早已形成的對俄羅斯的恐懼之心和現(xiàn)實歐洲安全對俄羅斯的需要。認(rèn)真分歐盟與俄羅斯在安全領(lǐng)域的合作進展,不難發(fā)現(xiàn),一方面,歐洲長期以來形成的對于“異族”——俄羅斯的恐懼之心牽制著歐盟和俄羅斯的合作形勢；另一方面,歐盟試圖建立新型的歐洲安全機制的需要,俄羅斯在傳統(tǒng)和非傳統(tǒng)軍事力量的強大和逐漸發(fā)展,是歐盟發(fā)展安全機制的強有力的助手。這兩個方面因素一直在影響著歐盟對俄羅斯的認(rèn)知,兩個因素的較力使得歐盟對俄羅斯的合作呈現(xiàn)出漸變的狀態(tài)。這篇文章就以這兩個因素的此消彼長為立足點,來分析歐盟對俄羅斯的認(rèn)知的變化。歐盟在恐懼與需要中糾結(jié),但是隨著現(xiàn)實需要的迫不得已,歐盟漸漸對俄羅斯展開了雙臂,但是同時雙方也都清楚,歐盟對于俄羅斯還是有所保留的。歐盟對俄羅斯的認(rèn)知伴隨著雙方在安全的等方面的合作,也慢慢發(fā)生著改變,俄羅斯從防范的“異類”,逐漸變成“借力”的好街坊,更又進一步成為需要與之進行“有限合作”的好伙伴。那么在將來的時間里,歐盟對于俄羅斯的認(rèn)知會不會走向“優(yōu)先合作”的伙伴,就要看歐洲對俄羅斯“異化”的恐懼與防范是不是能抵過歐盟強大自己的現(xiàn)實需要了。 本文主要分三個階段來分析探討：1991-2000年這段期間,由于冷戰(zhàn)的剛剛結(jié)束,冷戰(zhàn)的陰影還不能在歐盟成員國家散去,俄羅斯作為蘇聯(lián)的繼承者,還是有著諸多讓歐盟擔(dān)心和疑慮的因素存在。這一時期歐盟尚未全面考慮建構(gòu)新型歐洲安全機制,而且由于以美國為首的北約在這一階段基本完全控制和影響著歐盟對俄羅斯的認(rèn)知,使之將俄羅斯看成一個局外人。在這一階段雖然歐盟軍事力量和建構(gòu)安全機制方面還有很多欠缺,而這恰恰是俄羅斯的強項,但是現(xiàn)實的需要抵不過長久以來形成的心理“陰影”。歐盟把俄羅斯放在了歐洲邊緣化的位置,排斥與俄羅斯的合作。 第二個階段是2001—2004年間,在這一個階段9·11恐怖事件讓歐盟認(rèn)識到歐洲的安全不能沒有俄羅斯的幫助,特別是伊拉克戰(zhàn)爭讓歐盟漸漸從美國的懷抱中疏離,從而開始考量俄羅斯在歐洲安全機制中的位置,但是畢竟第一步是最難邁開的。合作雖然開始,但是歐盟的內(nèi)心對于俄羅斯并沒有完全放棄對俄羅斯的防范：俄羅斯會不會想要再控制歐洲的安全,歷史會不會重演,這些都還沒有定論�？墒乾F(xiàn)實的狀況又不允許歐盟繼續(xù)排斥俄羅斯。因此,歐盟在諸種糾結(jié)中選擇了一條折中的道路。借俄羅斯的“東風(fēng)之力”以建構(gòu)歐洲的安全機制,這樣歐盟不但可以放心地發(fā)展自己的安全建構(gòu),而且不用擔(dān)心俄羅斯會過多參與歐洲的安全事務(wù)�！皫褪帧币辉~可以很好的概括歐盟這一階段對俄羅斯的認(rèn)知。 第三個階段即2005—2010年,這個時期歐盟開始了與俄羅斯的“有限合作”。歐盟東擴,使得歐洲的安全形勢更加復(fù)雜化。面對更加復(fù)雜化的歐洲安全形勢,歐盟自知實力不足,于是自然而然地把目光投向了俄羅斯,加深與俄羅斯在安全領(lǐng)域的合作已經(jīng)是“箭在弦上不得不發(fā)”,一攬子計劃順利出爐。而此時的俄羅斯對與歐盟的擴大雖然也是頗有微詞,但俄羅斯在歐盟諸多“西化”措施下內(nèi)部發(fā)生了歐盟期望中的變化,軍事力量等安全領(lǐng)域的實力都在上升,而且,俄羅斯對擴大到家門口的歐盟并沒有采取“敵對”的態(tài)度。這樣,歐盟對俄羅斯的認(rèn)知已經(jīng)從“幫手”發(fā)展向了“合作伙伴”。雖然這一階段歐盟和俄羅斯的合作還是“有限”的,但是顯然現(xiàn)實的需要已經(jīng)占據(jù)了歐盟考量俄羅斯的關(guān)鍵因素。 以后歐盟對俄羅斯的認(rèn)知還會不會發(fā)生新的改變,只能用事實來說話。但是可以肯定的是,歐盟和俄羅斯的合作會在各個方面深入下去,這是歷史的大勢所趨,也是歐盟面對現(xiàn)實必須的選擇。
[Abstract]:This article discusses the changes in the European Union's cognition to Russia after the cold war and the process of rejecting the EU and Russia in the field of security. There are two main factors affecting the European understanding of Russia. It is the fear of Russia and the needs of the European security for Russia. On the other hand, the European Union's desire to establish a new European security mechanism, on the other hand, is strong in the traditional and non-traditional military forces, on the other hand, the European Union is trying to establish a new European security mechanism. The gradual development is a powerful assistant to the EU's development security mechanism. These two factors have been affecting the EU's perception of Russia. The two factors have made the EU's cooperation with Russia gradually changing. This article is based on these two factors to analyze the EU to Russia. Changes in cognition. The EU is entangled in fear and needs, but with the need of reality, the European Union has gradually opened its arms to Russia, but both sides also know that the EU is still reserved for Russia. In the future, the European Union's fear of "alienation" of Russia and the fear of Russia 's "alienation" will be seen. Is prevention against the EU's strong practical needs?
This article is mainly divided into three stages: during the period of 1991-2000 years, the cold war's shadow has not been scattered in the EU member countries because of the cold war. Russia, as the successor of the Soviet Union, still has many factors that let the European Union worry and doubt. The whole mechanism, and since NATO, led by the United States, basically completely controls and affects the EU's perception of Russia at this stage, so that Russia sees Russia as an outsider. At this stage there is still a lot of shortage in the EU's military forces and the construction of security mechanisms, which is precisely the strength of Russia, but the need for reality. The EU has placed Russia in the marginalized position of Europe and rejected cooperation with Russia.
The second stage was between 2001 and 2004, at which the 9 11 terrorist incident made the European Union realize that the security of Europe could not be helped by Russia, especially the Iraq war that gradually alienated the European Union from the embrace of the United States, and began to consider Russia's position in the European security machine system, but the first step was the most difficult to take. The European Union has not completely abandoned Russia's guard against Russia: will Russia want to recontrol Europe's security, and the history will not repeat it, but the reality does not allow the EU to continue to repel Russia. A compromise road. By using the Russian "east wind force" to build a European security mechanism, the EU can not only safely develop its own security construction, but also don't worry that Russia will be too much involved in European security affairs. The word "helper" can well cover the European Union's understanding of Russia at this stage.
In the third stage, from 2005 to 2010, the European Union began its "limited cooperation" with Russia. The EU enlargement has made the European security situation more complicated. Facing the more complex European security situation, the European Union is inadequately aware of its strength, so it naturally threw light on Russia and deepened its security collar with Russia. The cooperation of the region has been "forced to send" and the package plan goes out smoothly. At this time, Russia has a little word on the expansion of the European Union, but Russia has changed the European Union's expectations in the EU under many "Westernization" measures, and the strength of the military power and other security fields is rising, and Russian Luo. The EU has not taken a "hostile" attitude towards the expansion of the door to the European Union. Thus, the EU's understanding of Russia has developed from "helper" to "partner". Although the EU and Russia are "limited" at this stage, it is clear that the real needs have occupied the key cause of the European Union's consideration of Russia. Prime.
In the future, there will be no new changes in the EU's perception of Russia, only to speak with facts. But it is certain that the EU's cooperation with Russia will go deep in all aspects, which is the trend of history and the choice of the EU in the face of reality.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：南京大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2012
【分類號】：D751.2

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