本文選題：對(duì)外經(jīng)濟(jì)援助 + 政治性��； 參考：《復(fù)旦大學(xué)》2010年博士論文

【摘要】： 對(duì)外經(jīng)濟(jì)援助是當(dāng)代國際關(guān)系中的一個(gè)復(fù)雜的而又十分重要的課題。戰(zhàn)后幾十年來,出于對(duì)外戰(zhàn)略的需要、國際社會(huì)的壓力以及人道主義的目的,以美國為首的西方國家一直向發(fā)展中國家提供經(jīng)濟(jì)援助�；仡櫭绹鴮�(duì)外經(jīng)濟(jì)援助的發(fā)展歷史,我們可以發(fā)現(xiàn)一個(gè)值得深思的事實(shí)——美國的對(duì)外經(jīng)濟(jì)援助只有一小部分給予了最不發(fā)達(dá)國家,而正是那些相對(duì)發(fā)達(dá)的國家——如以色列,獲得了美國對(duì)外經(jīng)濟(jì)援助的大部分。這促使我們反思美國對(duì)外經(jīng)濟(jì)援助的動(dòng)機(jī)和本質(zhì)。 本文對(duì)美國對(duì)外經(jīng)濟(jì)援助進(jìn)行了比較系統(tǒng)的考察,側(cè)重于對(duì)美國對(duì)外經(jīng)援政策作政治分析,探討美國對(duì)外經(jīng)濟(jì)援助的目標(biāo)、實(shí)現(xiàn)目標(biāo)的手段與途徑及其實(shí)際效果。冷戰(zhàn)時(shí)期,美國的對(duì)外經(jīng)濟(jì)援助服務(wù)于對(duì)蘇遏制戰(zhàn)略。在這一時(shí)期,大部分援助是在遏制共產(chǎn)主義擴(kuò)張的目標(biāo)下提供的。在受援國的選擇上,具有重要戰(zhàn)略地位的國家,意識(shí)形態(tài)與美國相同的國家,愿意加入到反蘇陣營當(dāng)中的國家,是美國的主要考慮對(duì)象。冷戰(zhàn)結(jié)束后,隨著蘇聯(lián)威脅的消失,對(duì)外援助的戰(zhàn)略地位曾一度下滑,援助資金也大幅度減少,其主要目標(biāo)是推進(jìn)民主和自由�！�9·11”事件后,恐怖主義成為美國國家安全的重要威脅,布什政府提出了一套以反對(duì)恐怖主義為核心的新的國家安全戰(zhàn)略,對(duì)外經(jīng)濟(jì)援助在美國外交中再次受到重視。發(fā)展還第一次被列為美國國家安全的三大支柱之一。 在對(duì)當(dāng)前學(xué)術(shù)界主要研究成果進(jìn)行梳理的基礎(chǔ)上,本文第一章界定了“對(duì)外經(jīng)濟(jì)援助”的概念,并認(rèn)為美國對(duì)外經(jīng)濟(jì)援助本質(zhì)上是政治性的,表現(xiàn)在政策目標(biāo)、決策過程、實(shí)現(xiàn)方式和現(xiàn)實(shí)功用各個(gè)方面。第二章回顧了美國對(duì)外經(jīng)濟(jì)援助的發(fā)展歷史,分析了美國對(duì)外經(jīng)濟(jì)援助的戰(zhàn)略目標(biāo)體系。第三章分析了對(duì)外經(jīng)濟(jì)援助與美國的現(xiàn)實(shí)主義和理想主義外交傳統(tǒng)的關(guān)系,認(rèn)為美國對(duì)外經(jīng)濟(jì)援助根源于美國的外交傳統(tǒng),是現(xiàn)實(shí)主義與理想主義共同作用于美國外交政策的最好體現(xiàn)。第四章考察了利益集團(tuán)因素對(duì)美國對(duì)外經(jīng)濟(jì)援助的影響。第五章對(duì)美國對(duì)外經(jīng)濟(jì)援助目標(biāo)的實(shí)現(xiàn)方式進(jìn)行了詳細(xì)研究,包括選擇性援助、有條件援助以及援助制裁。第六章選取美國對(duì)以色列的經(jīng)濟(jì)援助為典型案例進(jìn)行研究,探討了經(jīng)濟(jì)援助在美國處理雙邊關(guān)系和全球戰(zhàn)略中的作用。 通過分析,本文得出如下結(jié)論：美國的對(duì)外經(jīng)濟(jì)援助并非像有人認(rèn)為的那樣是無償?shù)馁?zèng)與和施舍,相反,從一開始它就被用于戰(zhàn)略與外交目的。對(duì)外經(jīng)濟(jì)援助為美國提供了一個(gè)影響和控制受援國的有效的外交工具,該工具今后相當(dāng)長的時(shí)期還會(huì)繼續(xù)存在,但其在國際關(guān)系實(shí)踐中的效果并不如美國所期望,在冷戰(zhàn)結(jié)束后尤其如此。實(shí)際上,由于美國在制定外援政策時(shí)帶有明顯的功利主義色彩,對(duì)受援國附加各種政治經(jīng)濟(jì)條件,甚至在實(shí)施援助時(shí)為達(dá)目的不擇手段,在某種程度上已經(jīng)引起了受援國的警惕。而且,構(gòu)建在經(jīng)濟(jì)援助上的“控制——反控制”關(guān)系是短暫的、脆弱的。
[Abstract]:Foreign economic assistance is a complex and important subject in contemporary international relations . For decades after the war , the pressure of the international community , as well as the humanitarian purpose , has been providing economic assistance to developing countries for the sake of foreign strategies . Looking back on the history of the development of foreign economic assistance in the United States , we can find out that there is only a small part of the U.S . foreign economic assistance to the least developed countries , and the relatively developed countries , such as Israel , have received most of the U.S . foreign economic assistance . This has prompted us to reflect on the motivation and nature of U.S . foreign economic assistance .



After the Cold War , with the disappearance of the threat of the Soviet Union , the strategic position of foreign aid has declined , the strategic position of foreign aid has declined , and the aid money has been greatly reduced . The Bush administration has put forward a new national security strategy with the core of counter - terrorism , and foreign economic assistance has been paid more attention in U.S . diplomacy for the first time .



Chapter Three analyzes the relationship between American foreign economic assistance and American foreign economic assistance . Chapter Three analyzes the relationship between American foreign economic assistance and American foreign economic assistance . Chapter Three analyzes the relationship between foreign economic assistance and American foreign economic assistance . Chapter Three analyzes the relationship between foreign economic assistance and American foreign economic assistance . Chapter Three analyzes the influence of interest group factors on U.S . foreign economic assistance . Chapter V examines the U.S . foreign economic assistance as a typical case study , and probes into the role of economic aid in the United States in dealing with bilateral relations and global strategies .



Through the analysis , this paper concludes that the U.S . foreign economic assistance is not as a free gift and charity as anyone thinks . In contrast , it has been used for strategic and diplomatic purposes from the beginning . Foreign economic assistance has provided the United States with an effective diplomatic tool to influence and control the recipient countries . In fact , the effectiveness of the tool in international relations practice is not as good as that of the United States . In fact , since the United States has a clear utilitarian color in the development of foreign aid policies , it has raised the vigilance of recipient countries in some degree . Furthermore , the " control _ control " relationship built on economic assistance is transient and fragile .
【學(xué)位授予單位】：復(fù)旦大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2010
【分類號(hào)】：D771.2;F171.2

【引證文獻(xiàn)】

相關(guān)博士學(xué)位論文 前3條

1 夏咸軍;美國對(duì)外經(jīng)濟(jì)援助[D];上海社會(huì)科學(xué)院;2011年

2 侯明;冷戰(zhàn)時(shí)期美國的對(duì)外援助政策（1947-1972）[D];東北師范大學(xué);2011年

3 馬斌;冷戰(zhàn)后美國對(duì)中亞援助政策研究[D];復(fù)旦大學(xué);2012年

相關(guān)碩士學(xué)位論文 前3條

1 潘苗;二十一世紀(jì)初美國對(duì)非洲官方援助分析[D];外交學(xué)院;2011年

2 何良;論冷戰(zhàn)時(shí)期美國的對(duì)外援助行為[D];南昌大學(xué);2012年

3 彭翊;美國農(nóng)業(yè)利益集團(tuán)對(duì)政府的影響[D];遼寧大學(xué);2012年

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本文編號(hào)：1950675