本文選題：后民族主義 + 歐洲一體化��； 參考：《山東大學(xué)》2008年博士論文

【摘要】： 在西方學(xué)術(shù)界,民族主義議題是一個長盛不衰的研究領(lǐng)域,歐洲近代民族主義吸引了來自政治學(xué)、社會學(xué)、民族學(xué)、人類學(xué)和歷史學(xué)等領(lǐng)域研究者的廣泛關(guān)注。本文對當(dāng)代西方民族主義的研究限定在西歐國家,更確切地說包括了法國、德國、意大利、比利時、西班牙和英國等。 長期以來,學(xué)術(shù)界更多地從歷史、經(jīng)濟(jì)、政治和文化等視角分析歐洲一體化現(xiàn)象,而本文則從民族主義及其演變視角審視歐洲從分散走向聯(lián)合的過程,剖析作為民族國家共同體的歐盟的權(quán)力、屬性與組織功能對民族主義嬗變所產(chǎn)生的影響,描述作為新型超國家政治實(shí)體的歐盟所屬成員國的民族主義當(dāng)前境況。也就是說,本文的重點(diǎn)是考察一體化背景下的西歐民族主義,以歐洲一體化作為一個自變量,較為深入地描述與闡釋西歐民族主義所因而發(fā)生的變化。 現(xiàn)有的民族主義問題研究更多地傾向于概念設(shè)定和理論推演方面的分析,而本文力圖將既有文獻(xiàn)整理概括基礎(chǔ)上的理論模式構(gòu)建與西歐民族主義的實(shí)際發(fā)展動向結(jié)合起來,從而盡可能深化對當(dāng)代西方民族主義的學(xué)術(shù)研究。為此,本文在明確地將西歐主要國家的民族主義現(xiàn)狀作為研究對象的同時,嘗試性地概括與提出了“后民族國家”和“后民族主義"的核心性概念,并依此來統(tǒng)領(lǐng)全文的理論分析。 本文選擇了一個跨學(xué)科的分析視角,力圖把政治學(xué)與民族學(xué)、歷史學(xué)、國際關(guān)系學(xué)、語言文化學(xué)等的相關(guān)內(nèi)容與方法結(jié)合起來探討當(dāng)代西歐的民族主義�；谶@一學(xué)科視角,本文主要運(yùn)用了宏觀與微觀分析相結(jié)合、歸納綜合與比較分析相結(jié)合等研究方法,以期形成對當(dāng)代西歐民族主義發(fā)展境況的較為完整的描述。 此外,本文在具體論證上也有著自己的特點(diǎn):它突破了傳統(tǒng)民族主義研究集中于民族國家及其物質(zhì)利益的局限,凸顯了一種超國家向度的重要性。它試圖將族群(區(qū)域)民族主義與國家民族主義、政治訴求與文化價值結(jié)合起來,分析當(dāng)代西歐民族主義的準(zhǔn)確內(nèi)涵尤其是民族認(rèn)同。顯然,在歐洲一體化不斷推進(jìn)的背景下,將上述兩個方面結(jié)合起來對于理解當(dāng)代西歐國家的民族主義已經(jīng)變得至關(guān)重要。 就歐洲一體化與西歐民族主義演變之間的關(guān)系而言,本文選擇的思路是將一體化作為自變量來考察民族主義這個因變量。盡管對民族主義演進(jìn)如何反作用于歐洲一體化的分析也許同樣重要,但它不是筆者在此關(guān)注和論證的重點(diǎn)。 本文的整體構(gòu)思和邏輯思路如下: 鑒于現(xiàn)代民族與民族國家之間存在著的密切聯(lián)系,一個合乎邏輯的假設(shè)是,如果民族國家的職能與形態(tài)發(fā)生改變的話,那么民族主義的內(nèi)涵與形式也必然會發(fā)生相應(yīng)的變化;而由于20世紀(jì)50年代初以來的歐洲一體化進(jìn)程正在劇烈地弱化著作為其成員國的西歐民族國家的眾多經(jīng)濟(jì)、社會甚至政治管理職能,所以,我們可以假定,當(dāng)代西歐國家民族主義的內(nèi)容及其表現(xiàn)形式理應(yīng)發(fā)生一些質(zhì)的變化,即筆者在本文中提出與論證的“后民族主義”。 因而,本文將致力于回答以下三個方面的問題:一是證實(shí)當(dāng)代西歐民族主義演變與歐洲一體化背景的事實(shí)性關(guān)聯(lián),也就是說,準(zhǔn)確描述當(dāng)代西歐國家民族主義在一個一體化時代所發(fā)生的巨大變化;二是歐洲一體化進(jìn)程的確是這種變化的主要或重要影響因素,以及歐洲一體化如何導(dǎo)致了這些變化;三是如何從理論上闡釋歐洲一體化這一客觀歷史進(jìn)程與形成中的“后民族國家”和“后民族主義”之間的關(guān)系,從而對西歐民族主義的時代特征做出合理的說明。 相應(yīng)地,本文分為五個組成部分,以及導(dǎo)言和結(jié)語。 導(dǎo)論闡明了本文研究的主題即歐洲一體化背景下的當(dāng)代西歐民族主義,具體分析了這一議題的國內(nèi)外研究現(xiàn)狀、本文所采用的研究方法,論文的整體思路與結(jié)構(gòu)安排等。 第一章闡釋了本文的研究對象以及相關(guān)的核心概念,從民族與國家等基本概念的界定入手逐步擴(kuò)展到歐洲一體化背景下的后民族主義概念,并把這一概念作為對歐洲一體化背景下當(dāng)代西歐民族主義新動向的理論概括。它的基本含義是,西歐國家在歐洲一體化的背景下正在進(jìn)入一個“后民族國家時代”,民族國家內(nèi)部的準(zhǔn)(類)民族群體往往通過溫和的方式手段和務(wù)實(shí)的態(tài)度來實(shí)現(xiàn)其地方性利益要求,民族國家間國際關(guān)系上往往體現(xiàn)為更加理性與調(diào)和的民族主義政治訴求,而在超國家層面上更多表現(xiàn)出多重文化認(rèn)同的特征。 第二章描述了西歐主要國家當(dāng)代民族主義的具體類型以及在歐洲一體化背景下所表現(xiàn)出的弱化趨勢。通過對“邊緣民族對主體民族的政治訴求”、“西歐民族國家主體民族之間的關(guān)系”、“同一民族國家內(nèi)部的民族主義表現(xiàn)”、“主體民族針對邊緣民族的民族主義”和“極端民族分裂主義”等方面的分析,證實(shí)了當(dāng)代西歐民族主義確實(shí)經(jīng)歷著一種從傳統(tǒng)民族主義向“后民族主義”的演變。 第三章分析了歐洲一體化進(jìn)程如何改變了民族與國家之間的關(guān)系,或者說如何促成了后民族主義的出現(xiàn)與發(fā)展。概括地說,歐洲聯(lián)盟機(jī)構(gòu)框架導(dǎo)致的民族國家權(quán)力上移和下移、超國家機(jī)構(gòu)本身的制度框架及其政策,都對后民族主義的形成與發(fā)展產(chǎn)生著重要影響。尤其是,不斷擴(kuò)展著的歐洲一體化制約和改變了傳統(tǒng)民族主義的政治目標(biāo)、訴求方式、文化認(rèn)同并使其具備了后民族主義的形態(tài)和特征。 歐盟的超國家制度架構(gòu)與歐元作為后民族主義的兩大載體,分別從政治和經(jīng)濟(jì)上為其提供了強(qiáng)有力的依托。伴隨著向上和向下的權(quán)力移交,民族國家不再是民族主義者政治訴求的唯一對象。而與之對應(yīng)的文化層面的表現(xiàn)就是突破了原有的單一的民族認(rèn)同。在多重管治下的歐洲,多重認(rèn)同已是無處不在。不僅如此,認(rèn)同不再是原來傳統(tǒng)意義上的單一民族認(rèn)同,而是具有分散性的特點(diǎn),表現(xiàn)出明顯的多層性:超國家、亞國家、區(qū)域認(rèn)同。 第四章首先在理論上進(jìn)一步闡述了后民族主義,特別是結(jié)合現(xiàn)實(shí)來分析后民族主義概念的可行性以及后民族主義為什么會首先在西歐地區(qū)出現(xiàn),然后對歐盟背景下的民族主義發(fā)展趨勢做出大致判斷。 西歐國家之所以進(jìn)入一種后民族國家時代,從根本上說是由于這些民族國家在一體化背景下面臨著巨大的壓力和挑戰(zhàn),民族國家的身份因而發(fā)生了前所未有的改變。這種壓力既包括國內(nèi)地方要求自治的壓力,也包括來自國家之上的超國家治理的壓力,而民族國家被夾在其中。而伴隨著這個后民族國家時代的到來,一種后民族主義也就應(yīng)運(yùn)而生了。后民族主義之所以稱之為后,是因?yàn)樗c傳統(tǒng)民族主義四個方向的悖離和兩個方面的超越。從動態(tài)的角度看,隨著民族國家職能與權(quán)限的進(jìn)一步弱化,西歐民族主義目前呈現(xiàn)的發(fā)展趨勢將會持續(xù):民族國家內(nèi)部的民族主義將會繼續(xù)弱化,而歐洲層面上的區(qū)域民族主義或歐洲認(rèn)同(借助歐盟)則將逐步得到強(qiáng)化。 結(jié)語在總結(jié)全文基本內(nèi)容及其主要觀點(diǎn)的同時,進(jìn)一步探討了歐洲一體化實(shí)踐對西歐民族主義未來發(fā)展可能帶來的其他方面影響,比如次民族國家層面上的類(準(zhǔn))民族主義意識和認(rèn)同對于西歐民族主義未來發(fā)展的意義,以及本論文需要深入探討的一些問題,比如民族主義對歐洲一體化的主動回應(yīng)及其可能影響等。 本文的理論創(chuàng)新意義主要表現(xiàn)在: 首先,它提出了“后民族主義”這一對當(dāng)代西歐民族主義境況的理論設(shè)定與概括,不僅提供了一個分析當(dāng)代西歐民族主義發(fā)展現(xiàn)狀的新穎視角,而且有利于從一種新的思路反思傳統(tǒng)的民族主義議題研究。同時,雖然國內(nèi)外學(xué)界對民族主義的研究甚多,但基于歐洲區(qū)域一體化與歐洲聯(lián)盟的對當(dāng)代西歐民族主義的理論分析相對較少,因而本文在一定程度上彌補(bǔ)了這一缺陷。 其次,它初步分析了歐洲一體化進(jìn)程如何促成了后民族主義的形成,以前者為自變量較為詳實(shí)地考察了后者的相應(yīng)性變化。通過對變化中的當(dāng)代民族國家的描述,提供了一種從理論上重新解讀民族主義及其歷史演變的理論視野。 再次,它初步闡明了文化(價值)認(rèn)同對于當(dāng)代民族主義的內(nèi)涵界定、尤其是對于后民族主義的重要性,這對于準(zhǔn)確理解歐洲一體化背景下所發(fā)生的傳統(tǒng)民族主義消解和歐洲認(rèn)同形成過程有一定啟發(fā)價值。
[Abstract]:In western academic circles, nationalism is a flourishing field of research. Modern European nationalism attracts extensive attention from researchers in the fields of politics, sociology, ethnology, anthropology and history. This article is limited to western countries in western countries, and more specifically, France, Germany. Italy, Belgium, Spain and Britain.
For a long time, the academic circles have analyzed the phenomenon of European integration more from the perspectives of history, economy, politics and culture. This article examines the process of European integration from the perspective of nationalism and its evolution, and analyzes the shadow of the power of the European Union as a national community of nations and the effect of its nature and organization on the transmutation of nationalism. It describes the current situation of the nationalism of the member states of the European Union as a new type of supranational political entity. That is to say, the focus of this article is to examine the nationalism of Western Europe under the background of integration, and to describe and explain the changes in Western European nationalism in a more profound way by taking European integration as a independent variable.
The present study of nationalism is more inclined to the analysis of concept setting and theoretical deduction, and this paper will combine theoretical model construction with the actual development trend of Western European nationalism on the basis of literature collation, so as to deepen the academic research on contemporary western nationalism as much as possible. At the same time, it tries to generalize and put forward the core concept of "post nationalism" and "post nationalism", and then leads the full text of the theoretical analysis.
This paper chooses a cross disciplinary perspective to combine politics with ethnology, history, international relations, language and culture to explore the nationalism of Contemporary Western Europe. Based on this subject, this article mainly uses the combination of macro and micro analysis to sum up the comprehensive and comparative analysis. Combined with other research methods, we hope to form a complete description of the development of Contemporary Western European nationalism.
In addition, this paper also has its own characteristics: it breaks through the limitations of the traditional nationalism and its material interests, and highlights the importance of a kind of super state. It tries to combine ethnic (regional) nationalism with national nationalism, political appeal and cultural value and analyze the contemporary west. The exact connotation of the European nationalism is especially the national identity. Obviously, in the context of the continuous advancement of European integration, it is very important to combine the two aspects to understand the nationalism of the contemporary Western European countries.
As far as the relationship between European integration and the evolution of Western European nationalism is concerned, the idea of this article is to examine the factor of nationalism as an independent variable. Although the analysis of the evolution of nationalism may be as important as the analysis of the European integration, it is not the focus of the author's attention and argument.
The whole conception and logical idea of this article are as follows:
In view of the close ties between the modern nation and the nation state, a logical assumption is that if the functions and forms of the nation are changed, then the connotation and form of nationalism will inevitably change, and the process of European integration is being weakened sharply since the beginning of the 1950s. As many economic, social and even political management functions of Western European nations as a member state, we can assume that the contents and forms of nationalism in Contemporary Western European countries should have some qualitative changes, that is, "post nationalism", which is put forward and demonstrated in this article.
Therefore, this article will be devoted to answering the following three aspects: first, to confirm the factual correlation between the evolution of Contemporary Western European nationalism and the background of European integration, that is to say, to accurately describe the great changes in the nationalism of Contemporary Western European countries in an era of integration; and the two is that the process of European integration is indeed this kind of change. The main or important factors and how European integration has led to these changes; three how to explain the relationship between the objective historical process of European integration and the "post nationalism" and "post nationalism" in the formation of European integration, so as to make a reasonable explanation of the characteristics of the times of Western European Nationalism.
Accordingly, this article is divided into five parts, as well as introduction and conclusion.
The introduction clarifies the theme of this study, namely, the contemporary Western European nationalism under the background of European integration, and analyzes the status of the research at home and abroad, the research methods adopted in this article, the overall thinking and structure arrangement of the thesis.
The first chapter explains the object of the study and the relevant core concepts. From the definition of the basic concepts of nation and state, the concept of post nationalism is gradually extended to the background of European integration, and the concept is summarized as a theoretical generalization of the new trend of Contemporary Western European nationalism under the background of European integration. Its basic meaning is the basic meaning. The Western European countries are entering a "post national state" under the background of European integration, and the quasi ethnic groups in the national state often realize their local interests through moderate means and pragmatic attitudes, and the international relations among nations are often embodied as more rational and harmonious nationalism. Political appeals, and at the supranational level, show more characteristics of multiple cultural identity.
The second chapter describes the specific types of Contemporary Nationalism in the major countries of Western Europe and the weakening trend in the context of European integration, and the "relationship between the main ethnic groups in Western European nations" through the "political appeals of the marginalized people to the main people", "the nationalist expression in the same national state", "the master of nationalism in the same national state". The analysis of the nationalism of the ethnic groups and the separatism of the extreme ethnic groups by the people of the body of the body confirms that the contemporary Western European nationalism has experienced a kind of evolution from the traditional nationalism to the "post nationalism".
The third chapter analyzes how the process of European integration has changed the relationship between the nation and the state, or how to promote the emergence and development of the post nationalism. In general, the power of the national state has moved up and down, and the institutional framework of the supra national institution and its policies are all of the form of the post nationalism. It has an important impact on the development and development. In particular, the continuous expansion of European integration restricts and changes the political objectives of the traditional nationalism, the way of appeal, cultural identity and the form and characteristics of the post nationalism.
The European Union's super national system structure and the euro as the two carrier of the post nationalism, respectively, provide a strong support from the political and economic. With the transfer of power upward and downward, the national state is no longer the only object of the nationalist political appeal. There are a single ethnic identity. In the multi tube Europe, multiple identities are ubiquitous. Not only that, the identity is no longer a single national identity in the original traditional sense, but is characterized by its dispersivity, showing a distinct multilevel character: supra, substate, and regional identity.
The fourth chapter first expounds the post nationalism in theory, especially the feasibility of analyzing the concept of post nationalism and why the post nationalism appears in Western Europe first, and then makes a general judgment on the trend of nationalism in the context of the European Union.
The reason why Western European countries have entered a post national state is fundamentally due to the enormous pressure and challenge faced by these ethnic countries in the context of integration, and the identity of the national state has undergone unprecedented changes. This pressure not only includes the pressure of domestic and local autonomy, but also the excess from the state. The national state is under the pressure of national governance, and with the arrival of the era of the post nation-state, a kind of post nationalism comes into being. The reason why the post nationalism is called it is because it deviates from the four directions of traditional nationalism and transcends the two sides. From a dynamic point of view, with the nation state, The further weakening of the family function and authority, the current trend of Western European nationalism will continue: Nationalism in the national state will continue to weaken, and the regional nationalism or European identity (the European Union) on the European level will be gradually strengthened.
The conclusion, while summarizing the basic contents and main points of the full text, further explores the possible influence of European Integration Practice on the future development of Western European nationalism, such as the significance of the consciousness and identity of the subnational nationalism on the future development of Western European nationalism, as well as the need for this paper. Some questions to be further explored, such as the active response of nationalism to European integration and its possible impact.
The significance of the theoretical innovation in this paper is as follows:
First, it puts forward the theory of "post nationalism", a theoretical setting and summary of the situation of nationalism in Contemporary Western Europe, not only provides a new perspective to analyze the present situation of the development of nationalism in Contemporary Western Europe, but also helps to reflect on the research of traditional nationalism from a new way of thinking. There is a lot of research on righteousness, but the theoretical analysis of the contemporary Western European nationalism based on the European regional integration and the European Union is relatively less, so this paper makes up for this defect to a certain extent.
Secondly, it preliminarily analyzes how the process of European integration has contributed to the formation of the post nationalism. The former studied the corresponding changes in the latter in a more detailed way for the independent variable. Through the description of the changing contemporary nation-state, a theoretical field of theoretical reinterpretation of the people's nationalism and its historical evolution was provided.
Thirdly, it clarifies the definition of cultural (value) identity to the connotation of contemporary nationalism, especially the importance of the post nationalism, which is of certain enlightenment for the accurate understanding of the traditional nationalism and the formation of European identity in the context of European integration.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：山東大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2008
【分類號】：D756

【引證文獻(xiàn)】

相關(guān)碩士學(xué)位論文 前1條

1 趙勝軍;民族主義和歐洲一體化關(guān)系的過程性考察[D];西北師范大學(xué);2011年

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本文編號：1925905