本文選題：選舉人團(tuán)制 + 少數(shù)人總統(tǒng)�。� 參考：《上海外國語大學(xué)》2012年碩士論文

【摘要】：美國總統(tǒng)選舉制度——選舉人團(tuán)制，是世界上非常獨(dú)特的一種選舉制度。同時(shí)，它也是美國政治中極富爭議的話題。目前針對總統(tǒng)選舉制度的爭議主要源于在絕大多數(shù)州盛行的“勝者全得”制度。爭議的焦點(diǎn)主要在于少數(shù)人總統(tǒng)的產(chǎn)生及各州利益分配之間的矛盾。目前，國外學(xué)者對于美國總統(tǒng)選舉制度的研究主要圍繞選舉人團(tuán)制度本身展開。大量著作從多角度深入分析選舉人團(tuán)制度的利弊。同時(shí)，學(xué)者與政治學(xué)家們也積極探討針對現(xiàn)行總統(tǒng)選舉制度的各種改革方式，，主要包括普選制、選區(qū)制和比例制，對各種改革方式的可行性及其可能產(chǎn)生的影響進(jìn)行預(yù)測和分析。而國內(nèi)學(xué)者主要從選舉人團(tuán)制度的起源及其發(fā)展歷史探索其作用及局限性，預(yù)測未來改革趨勢。 本文嘗試在美國政治語境下探討美國選舉人團(tuán)制度，從它的歷史淵源及發(fā)展演變探討它的內(nèi)在本質(zhì)及其矛盾�？偨y(tǒng)選舉制度不是一個(gè)孤立存在的個(gè)體，它的產(chǎn)生和發(fā)展與美國的政治環(huán)境密切相關(guān)。在開展這一課題時(shí)，本文力圖擺脫對選舉人團(tuán)制度本身及各種改革方案的利弊分析，嘗試從三個(gè)不同視角——聯(lián)邦主義、兩黨制及美國社會種族多樣性探討選舉人團(tuán)制度長期存在的原因和必然性。 本文將分為三個(gè)部分。第一章將概括介紹現(xiàn)行的總統(tǒng)選舉制度，包括選舉人團(tuán)制度的起源、發(fā)展歷史及現(xiàn)行的操作辦法。第二章將討論針對選舉人圖制度的各項(xiàng)爭議，包括少數(shù)人總統(tǒng)的產(chǎn)生和各州利益分配問題。本文的第三章重點(diǎn)從三個(gè)角度討論選舉人團(tuán)制度的所存在的政治基礎(chǔ)。首先，本文從聯(lián)邦主義角度出發(fā)分析選舉人團(tuán)制度存在的合理性。其次，文章從歷史發(fā)展角度探索兩黨制對選舉人團(tuán)制度所產(chǎn)生的深遠(yuǎn)影響。從某種意義上說，兩黨制與選舉人團(tuán)制度相互依存，缺一不可。最后，文章從少數(shù)民族利益出發(fā)揭示選舉人團(tuán)制度存在的必要性。總而言之，本文力圖說明選舉人團(tuán)制度是美國政治環(huán)境下平衡各種政治力量的最佳選擇，它的存在意義重大。
[Abstract]:American presidential election system-the electoral college system, is a very unique election system in the world. It is also a controversial topic in American politics. The current controversy over the presidential system stems largely from the "winner all-win" system that prevails in most states. The main focus of the controversy lies in the conflict between the generation of minority presidents and the distribution of state interests. At present, the research of American presidential election system by foreign scholars mainly revolves around the electoral college system itself. A great deal of works have analyzed the advantages and disadvantages of the electoral college system from many angles. At the same time, scholars and political scientists have also actively explored various ways to reform the current presidential election system, including the universal election system, the electoral system, and the proportional system. The feasibility and possible impact of various reform methods are predicted and analyzed. The domestic scholars mainly explore its function and limitation from the origin and development history of the electoral college system, and forecast the future reform trend. This paper attempts to explore the electoral college system in the American political context, and from its historical origin and development and evolution to explore its internal nature and contradictions. Presidential election system is not an isolated individual, its emergence and development is closely related to the political environment of the United States. In carrying out this subject, this paper tries to get rid of the advantages and disadvantages of the electoral college system itself and various reform programs, and tries to analyze the advantages and disadvantages of the electoral college system from three different perspectives-federalism. The two-party system and the racial Diversity of American Society discuss the reason and inevitability of the long-term existence of the Electoral College system. This article will be divided into three parts. The first chapter will introduce the current presidential election system, including the origin of the Electoral College system, the history of development and the current operating methods. The second chapter will discuss the disputes over the electoral graph system, including the minority president and the distribution of state interests. The third chapter discusses the political basis of the electoral college system from three angles. First of all, this paper analyzes the rationality of the electoral college system from the point of view of federalism. Secondly, the paper explores the profound influence of the two-party system on the electoral college system from the perspective of historical development. In a sense, the two parties and the Electoral College system are interdependent and indispensable. Finally, the article reveals the necessity of the electoral college system from the minority interests. In a word, this paper tries to explain that the electoral college system is the best choice to balance all kinds of political forces in American political environment, and its existence is of great significance.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：上海外國語大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2012
【分類號】：D771.2

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