本文選題：世界社會(huì)主義運(yùn)動(dòng) + 國(guó)外馬克思主義研究�。� 參考：《華中師范大學(xué)》2013年博士論文

【摘要】：意大利共產(chǎn)黨作為資本主義國(guó)家最大和最有影響力的共產(chǎn)黨,在國(guó)際共產(chǎn)主義運(yùn)動(dòng)中有著重要的歷史地位。它在相當(dāng)長(zhǎng)的歷史時(shí)期內(nèi)一直是國(guó)內(nèi)的第二大黨,在世界反法西斯斗爭(zhēng)中作出了杰出貢獻(xiàn),并在意大利人民中擁有很高的威望。在七十年的發(fā)展歷程中,意大利共產(chǎn)黨不僅保持了無(wú)產(chǎn)階級(jí)政黨光榮的革命傳統(tǒng),而且還以獨(dú)立自主和富于創(chuàng)新著稱于世。在理論上,意共提出了著名的薩勒諾轉(zhuǎn)折、歷史性妥協(xié)、結(jié)構(gòu)改革論、民主替代、國(guó)際共運(yùn)多中心和歐洲共產(chǎn)主義等一系列思想和理論。在實(shí)踐中,意共領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人民群眾與法西斯主義作斗爭(zhēng),積極參與議會(huì)選舉活動(dòng),努力開(kāi)展群眾性社會(huì)運(yùn)動(dòng),不斷實(shí)踐著自身的政治經(jīng)濟(jì)文化和社會(huì)綱領(lǐng),不斷探索著獨(dú)具特色的社會(huì)主義意大利道路。 進(jìn)入20世紀(jì)80年代,隨著國(guó)際國(guó)內(nèi)形勢(shì)的變化,意大利共產(chǎn)黨面臨著嚴(yán)峻的形勢(shì)。一方面黨在各級(jí)議會(huì)中的選票逐年下降,黨員人數(shù)不斷減少,另一方面黨內(nèi)出現(xiàn)了多個(gè)派別,各派之間無(wú)休無(wú)止的爭(zhēng)論嚴(yán)重影響了黨的團(tuán)結(jié)。1988年新任總書記奧凱托上臺(tái)后,在黨的革新的名義下,開(kāi)始了改名易幟的進(jìn)程。最終在1989年?yáng)|歐劇變的沖擊下,意共面臨的諸多困境逐漸演化成生存危機(jī),意大利共產(chǎn)黨分裂成左翼民主黨和意大利重建共產(chǎn)黨。意大利共產(chǎn)黨的衰亡是一種合力作用的結(jié)果,是由國(guó)內(nèi)國(guó)際、黨內(nèi)黨外諸多因素導(dǎo)致的結(jié)果。其中,意大利階級(jí)結(jié)構(gòu)的新變化,削弱了意共的階級(jí)基礎(chǔ)；意共在指導(dǎo)思想和戰(zhàn)略策略上的失誤,是其衰落的根本原因；福利國(guó)家建設(shè)和政治民主的發(fā)展,影響了社會(huì)主義思想的傳播；意大利的宗教和政黨格局,制約了意共的發(fā)展；國(guó)際壟斷資本的進(jìn)攻,壓縮了意共的活動(dòng)空間；戈?duì)柊蛦谭蛐滤季S和東歐劇變,是其衰亡的重要催化劑。 意大利共產(chǎn)黨雖然衰亡了,但意大利的社會(huì)主義火種并未徹底熄滅。成立于1991年的意大利重建共產(chǎn)黨仍然堅(jiān)持共產(chǎn)黨的名稱,堅(jiān)持以馬克思主義為指導(dǎo),在困境中謀求自身的生存和發(fā)展。二十多年來(lái),重建共產(chǎn)黨在世界社會(huì)主義進(jìn)入低潮的嚴(yán)峻形勢(shì)下,既能克服生存的挑戰(zhàn)又能保持黨的活力。重建共產(chǎn)黨堅(jiān)持開(kāi)展群眾斗爭(zhēng),不斷調(diào)整政策路線。目前,它已經(jīng)成為意大利甚至是西歐地區(qū)較有影響的左翼共產(chǎn)黨力量。
[Abstract]:As the largest and most influential Communist Party in capitalist countries, the Communist Party of Italy plays an important historical role in the international communist movement. It has been the second largest party in the country for a long period of time, has made outstanding contributions in the world anti-fascist struggle, and has high prestige among the Italian people. During its seventy years of development, the Communist Party of Italy not only maintained the glorious revolutionary tradition of the proletarian party, but also was famous for its independence and innovation. In theory, the Italian Communist Party put forward a series of ideas and theories, such as the famous Salerno turning point, historical compromise, structural reform theory, democratic substitution, multi-center international communist movement and European communism. In practice, the Italian Communist Party led the people in the struggle against fascism, actively participated in parliamentary elections, worked hard to carry out mass social movements, and continued to practice its own political, economic, cultural, and social programs. We are constantly exploring the unique road of socialist Italy. In the 1980's, with the changes of the international and domestic situation, the Italian Communist Party is facing a severe situation. On the one hand, the party's votes in parliaments at all levels have dropped year by year, and the number of party members has been decreasing. On the other hand, there have been many factions in the party, and endless disputes among the parties have seriously affected the unity of the party. After the new general secretary, Occhetto, came to power in 1988, In the name of the Party's innovation, began the process of changing its name. Eventually, under the shock of the 1989 upheaval in Eastern Europe, the many dilemmas faced by the Italian Communist Party gradually evolved into a survival crisis, and the Italian Communist Party split into the left-wing Democratic Party and the Italian Communist Party for Reconstruction. The fall of the Italian Communist Party is the result of a combination of forces, which is caused by many factors, domestic and international, inner-party and non-Party. Among them, the new changes in the Italian class structure have weakened the class foundation of the Communist Party of Italy; the mistakes in the guiding ideology and strategic strategy of the Communist Party of Italy are the fundamental causes of its decline; the construction of the welfare state and the development of political democracy. It influenced the dissemination of socialist thought; the pattern of religion and political parties in Italy restricted the development of the Communist Party of Italy; the attack of international monopoly capital reduced the space of activity of the Communist Party of Italy; the new thinking of Gorbachev and the upheaval of Eastern Europe, Is an important catalyst for its decline. Although the Communist Party of Italy has fallen, Italy's socialist fire has not been completely extinguished. Founded in 1991, the Reconstruction Communist Party of Italy still insists on the name of the Communist Party, insists on Marxism as the guide, and seeks its own survival and development in the difficult situation. Over the past twenty years, the reconstruction of the Communist Party has not only overcome the challenge of survival but also kept the vitality of the Party under the grim situation of world socialism entering into a low tide. Reconstruction of the Communist Party adhere to carrying out mass struggle, constantly adjust the policy line. It has now become the more influential left-wing communist force in Italy and even in western Europe.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：華中師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2013
【分類號(hào)】：D754.6

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