本文選題：基本公共服務(wù) + 均等化　； 參考：《中共中央黨校》2012年博士論文

【摘要】：改革開放三十余年，中國的經(jīng)濟建設(shè)取得了舉世矚目的成就，人民的生活水平有了大幅度提高。雖然我國社會面臨的主要矛盾，即人民群眾日益增長的物質(zhì)文化需要與落后的社會生產(chǎn)之間的矛盾沒有改變，但其表現(xiàn)形式己經(jīng)發(fā)生了深刻的變化。其中一個重要的表現(xiàn)就是廣大人民群眾公共需求的全面快速增長與公共服務(wù)不到位、基本公共產(chǎn)品短缺之間的矛盾突出。近年來，我國的基本公共服務(wù)均等化的推進工作已經(jīng)取得了不小的成就。但是由于中國是一個超大地域、擁有著超大規(guī)模人口的大國，經(jīng)濟基礎(chǔ)原本比較薄弱，社會建設(shè)方面欠賬太多，部分具體的制度設(shè)置難以適應(yīng)社會變革后各方面變化，公共服務(wù)制度仍未完善，基本公共服務(wù)均等化還未完全實現(xiàn)。這既影響了作為政府四大基本職能之一的公共服務(wù)職能的有效發(fā)揮，也加劇了社會不公現(xiàn)象，使得因計劃經(jīng)濟時代下造成的老問題和改革過程中出現(xiàn)的地區(qū)差距、貧富差距等新問題更加凸顯出來，影響社會的和諧穩(wěn)定。在經(jīng)濟改革已經(jīng)進行到了一定程度與階段的今天，社會層面的改革也被提到了國家重要的戰(zhàn)略層面，基本公共服務(wù)均等化就是其中主要組成部分�；竟卜⻊�(wù)均等化的推進等相關(guān)問題遂成為近年來學術(shù)界的熱點問題。 國外關(guān)于公共服務(wù)的理論雖然可以說是汗牛充棟，公共服務(wù)均等化的實踐在一些國家也成績顯著，但是，由于歷史、經(jīng)濟、社會等各方面條件的限制，我國各級政府的關(guān)注點主要集中于經(jīng)濟增長和經(jīng)濟發(fā)展，對社會層面發(fā)展的關(guān)注和政府自身責任的認識高度還不夠。公共服務(wù)是近年來才為國內(nèi)學界關(guān)注的新問題，基本公共服務(wù)均等化工作的推進工作也是近來才被政府真正重視起來的。顯然，國內(nèi)關(guān)于公共服務(wù)的本土化理論是缺乏的，公共服務(wù)均等化的實現(xiàn)方式、途徑、以及制度建設(shè)等實踐工作也還處于不完善、不系統(tǒng)的階段。筆者期望通過該國別比較研究能夠為中國公共服務(wù)理論的完善提供參考，豐富、完善中國的公共服務(wù)理論。 國內(nèi)不僅關(guān)于公共服務(wù)的理論尚不成熟，基本公共服務(wù)均等化推進工作的實踐也還有很多可待改進之處。美國、瑞典兩國雖然公共服務(wù)制度（從理念、制度設(shè)計到所要實現(xiàn)的目標等）不同，甚至可以說存在迥然差異，但是它們的一個共同點就是在公共服務(wù)均等化方面的工作做得較好，基本上實現(xiàn)了制度設(shè)計的目標。兩國的公共服務(wù)制度各有優(yōu)點，可以為中國公共服務(wù)制度的建設(shè)提供一定的參考。 本研究以歷史制度主義和馬克思主義有關(guān)公共管理和公共服務(wù)的思想為理論分析框架，從歷史制度主義的視角，重點探討了美國、瑞典基本公共服務(wù)制度建立的歷史、變遷的原因，并且總結(jié)歸納了對中國基本公共服務(wù)改革與完善的、可資借鑒的經(jīng)驗教訓；認為美國和瑞典的基本公共服務(wù)制度之所以是現(xiàn)在的運行狀況，是與其各自的制度環(huán)境、價值理念、歷史文化傳統(tǒng)等因素密切相關(guān)的；通過考察中國基本公共服務(wù)制度建立、改革的歷史過程，結(jié)合中國的社會主義的本質(zhì)要求、制度環(huán)境等因素，，認為瑞典高福利水平的公共服務(wù)制度是中國公共服務(wù)制度發(fā)展的方向，鑒于中國的制度設(shè)計和實際國情，筆者主張中國應(yīng)當建設(shè)介于美國的市場主導型公共服務(wù)模式與瑞典的政府主導型模式之間的混合型公共服務(wù)模式；在事權(quán)、財權(quán)配置和監(jiān)管方面多借鑒美國、瑞典兩國的有益經(jīng)驗，走出一條適合中國國情、惠及最大多數(shù)社會成員的基本公共服務(wù)之路。 基于對公共服務(wù)均等化國內(nèi)外研究狀況，特別是國別比較研究的簡單梳理，在所選擇的理論框架指導之下，筆者在此提出并論證以下兩個研究假設(shè)：一是中國公共服務(wù)制度的建設(shè)應(yīng)當是基于中國既有的歷史、社會、經(jīng)濟、政治制度環(huán)境之上的；二是社會主義制度決定中國應(yīng)當建設(shè)以政府為主導的、在現(xiàn)階段以推進基本公共服務(wù)均等化為目標的公共服務(wù)制度。 本文以定性方法為主，主要依賴文獻研究，如閱讀相關(guān)理論著作及文獻，分別對美國、瑞典的公共服務(wù)制度進行考察、作比較分析，為中國公共服務(wù)制度的建設(shè)，特別是基本公共服務(wù)均等化推進工作提供借鑒。
[Abstract]:Thirty years of reform and opening up, China economic construction has made remarkable achievements, people's living standard has been greatly improved. Although the main contradiction facing our society, namely the contradiction between people's growing material and cultural needs and the backward social production has not changed, but the form has undergone profound change. The comprehensive and rapid growth of public services is an important manifestation of the broad masses of public demand is not in place, the contradiction between the shortage of basic public goods. In recent years, equal access to basic public service in China standardization work has made great achievements. But because China is a large region. Have a large population, weak economic foundation of the original social construction, too much debt, set a specific part of the system is difficult to adapt to social changes The change of public service system is not perfect, the equalization of basic public services has not been fully realized. This not only affects the effective function of the government as one of the four basic functions of the public service function, also exacerbated the phenomenon of social injustice, the gap between regions appear old problems and reform process for the era of the planned economy under the the gap between the rich and the poor, the new problem is more prominent, affecting social harmony and stability. In the economic reform has been carried out to a certain extent and stage of reform today, society is also mentioned in the national strategic level of equalization of basic public services is one of the main part. Issues related to the equalization of basic public services the promotion has become a hot issue in academic circles in recent years.
The theory about public service abroad although can be said to be an immense number of books, the practice of equalization of public services is significant, but also results in some countries, due to historical, economic and social aspects of other conditions, all levels of government in China mainly focuses on economic growth and economic development, the level of development of the understanding of social concern and the government's own responsibility is not enough. The public service in recent years as a new problem in the domestic academia, promote the equalization of basic public service work is only recently by the government to really pay attention to it. Obviously, the domestic localization theory on public services is the lack of the way to achieve the equalization of public services way, and system construction practice are still not perfect, not systematic stage. Through the comparative study of the country to China public service theory the author hopes to end It provides reference, enriches and consummate the theory of public service in China.
Not only on the domestic public service theory is not mature and practice to promote the equalization of basic public services also have a lot of work can be improved. The United States, although the Swedish public service system (from concept design to the system, to achieve the goal, etc.) can even say there are differences, but a common point they are working in the equalization of public service do better, basically realized the goal of the system design. The two countries have the advantages of the public service system, can provide a reference for the construction of China public service system.
Based on the historical institutionalism and the Marx doctrine of public management and public service as a theoretical analysis framework, from the historical institutionalism perspective, focusing on the United States, the establishment of the basic public service system in Sweden's history, the reasons for change, and summarizes the China basic public service reform and improvement of the experiences and lessons. Some argue that the United States and Sweden; the basic public service system is now running status, is their respective institutional environment, value concept, historical and cultural traditions and other factors are closely related; established through the study of the basic public service system China, the historical process of reform, combined with the essential requirement of socialism Chinese, institutional environment and other factors think, Sweden high welfare level of public service system is the development direction of China public service system, given the system design of the China And the actual conditions, the author argues that China should market construction between America oriented public service mode and the Swedish government led the mixed public service mode mode between; in governance, allocation and supervision of more useful experience from America, Sweden, out of a suitable Chinese conditions, benefit the most members of society the basic public service road.
The status of research on the equalization of public services at home and abroad based on the comparative study of the country especially simple combing, under the guidance of the chosen theoretical framework, the author puts forward and proves the following two hypotheses: one is the construction of China public service system should be China existing history, based on social, economic, political and institutional environment. The two is the socialist system; Chinese construction shall be decided by the government for leadership, at this stage in order to promote the equalization of basic public services as the goal of the public service system.
This paper based on qualitative methods, mainly rely on the literature research, such as reading the relevant theoretical works and literature, respectively, to the United States to inspect the Swedish public service system, comparative analysis, China for the construction of public service system, especially to promote the equalization of basic public services to provide reference.

【學位授予單位】：中共中央黨校
【學位級別】：博士
【學位授予年份】：2012
【分類號】：D523

【引證文獻】

相關(guān)博士學位論文 前1條

1 劉衛(wèi)東;當代中國公共產(chǎn)品供需選擇制度研究[D];吉林大學;2013年

本文編號：1755153