本文選題：民族主義　切入點：自由主義　出處：《武漢大學》2010年博士論文

【摘要】：民族主義是學術領域一個具有開放性并極富爭議的命題。不僅不存在一個統(tǒng)一的關于民族主義的理論,更沒有以學術傳統(tǒng)為依據(jù)的民族主義學流派。盡管民族主義本身歧異叢生,但民族主義的核心觀念仍是明確的。本文試圖從民族與國家這兩個民族主義的基本構成要素出發(fā),對民族主義與憲政之間的關聯(lián)進行梳理。本文認為,作為一項政治學理論,民族主義學說在一定程度上反映了憲政的歷史與現(xiàn)狀；作為一種文化樣態(tài),民族主義是憲政制度的文化基礎之一；作為一支重要的政治力量,民族主義更參與了憲政形成與發(fā)展的全過程。全文通過四章論證上述主題： 第一章,從民族主義概念入手,闡明民族主義復雜的理論層面,并針對民族主義運動所極易呈現(xiàn)的極端表現(xiàn)進行分析。在此基礎上,本文對民族主義采取了一種偏向現(xiàn)代主義的理解模式,將近代民族的形成與民族國家的興起視為民族主義的起點。由此,民族主義為我們提供的“用以應對和處理國家權力的合法性、政府和社會以及個人之間關系”的思維方式和制度設計思路都將對憲政的建立與發(fā)展產生影響。 第二章,以民族國家歷史演進以及民族主義觀念變化為視角,認為在社會結構變遷下誕生的民族主義是近代西歐民族國家建構的根本動力,也是憲政賴以生長的歷史前提；民族國家建立之后,民族主權觀念向人民主權觀念過渡,以身份歸屬為中心的民族認同已經成為憲政實施的意向條件,憲政由此被標注了民族主義的觀念印記。民族主義觀念的分化實則為國家的權力構造和權力治理提供了充分的自由空間,憲政理論則致力于在其中求得平衡。 第三章,基于民族主義立場,關注對自由主義憲政的價值自省和修正。民族主義價值觀與憲政精神之間的內在張力確為自由主義價值與民族主義價值相異的表現(xiàn)。但民族主義與自由主義不僅共生,更可共融,與其說兩者存在沖突與排斥,不如說它們在張力中相互依存。民族主義對“特殊性”的關注更是對自由主義憲政理念的重要補充。本文認為,在各種價值訴求之間建立均衡,方才為憲政觀念與實踐不斷進行價值修正和自我完善之道。 第四章,將視角轉向憲政的未來,憲政對民族主義價值訴求的應對也即文化認同與制度認同之間的協(xié)調問題。民族主義將構建文化多元的團結社會納入憲政訴求,這也要求在立憲主義下實現(xiàn)民族與國家關系重整：民族主義向文化領域回歸的同時,也作為一種文化樣態(tài)推進著國家政治認同與憲法認同。近代中國民族國家建構過程中自由主義的缺位造成憲政發(fā)展困阻重重,但對于憲政理念內涵而言,民族主義仍是一種必需品。有鑒于此,本文認為憲政在自由主義價值注入的前提下,求得在自由主義價值訴求與民族主義價值訴求間的妥協(xié),實為我們認知民族主義與憲政之間關聯(lián)的意義所在。
[Abstract]:Nationalism is an open and controversial proposition in the academic field. There is no nationalist school based on academic tradition. Although nationalism itself is diverse, the core concept of nationalism is still clear. This paper attempts to proceed from the two basic elements of nationalism: nationality and state. As a political theory, nationalism theory reflects the history and present situation of constitutionalism to a certain extent, as a cultural model. Nationalism is one of the cultural foundations of the constitutional system, and as an important political force, nationalism has participated in the whole process of the formation and development of constitutionalism. The first chapter, starting with the concept of nationalism, clarifies the complex theoretical aspects of nationalism, and analyzes the extreme manifestations of nationalist movements. This article adopts a kind of understanding mode which is biased towards modernism to nationalism, and regards the formation of modern nation and the rise of nation-state as the starting point of nationalism. The way of thinking and institutional design provided by nationalism for us to deal with and deal with the legitimacy of state power and the relationship between government, society and individuals will have an impact on the establishment and development of constitutionalism. In the second chapter, from the perspective of the historical evolution of the nation-state and the change of the concept of nationalism, the author thinks that the nationalism born under the change of the social structure is the fundamental motive force for the construction of the nation-state in modern Western Europe and the historical premise on which constitutionalism is based. After the establishment of the nation-state, the concept of national sovereignty has transitioned to the concept of sovereignty of the people, and the national identity centered on identity has become the intended condition for the implementation of constitutionalism. Constitutionalism is marked with the imprint of nationalism, and the differentiation of nationalism provides a free space for the power construction and power management of the country, and the constitutional theory is devoted to the balance among them. Chapter three, based on nationalism, The inner tension between the values of nationalism and the spirit of constitutionalism is a manifestation of the difference between the value of liberalism and the value of nationalism, but nationalism and liberalism are not only symbiotic, Rather than conflict and exclusion, they depend on each other in tension. Nationalism's concern for "particularity" is an important supplement to liberal constitutional ideas. Establishing a balance among all kinds of value demands is the way to constantly revise and improve the value of constitutionalism concept and practice. In the fourth chapter, we turn to the future of constitutionalism. The response of constitutionalism to the value demand of nationalism is the coordination between cultural identity and institutional identity. Nationalism brings into the constitutional appeal the construction of a culturally diverse solidarity society. It also calls for a renaissance of relations between nations and states under constitutionalism: the return of nationalism to the cultural sphere, The absence of liberalism in the process of the construction of the modern Chinese nation-state caused many obstacles to the development of constitutionalism, but as for the connotation of the constitutional concept, it also promoted the national political identity and the constitutional identity. Nationalism is still a necessity. In view of this, this paper argues that constitutionalism, on the premise of the injection of liberalism value, seeks a compromise between liberalism value demand and nationalism value demand. In fact, we recognize the significance of the relationship between nationalism and constitutionalism.
【學位授予單位】：武漢大學
【學位級別】：博士
【學位授予年份】：2010
【分類號】：D562

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