本文選題：西方社會(huì)運(yùn)動(dòng)　切入點(diǎn)：社會(huì)機(jī)制　出處：《上海交通大學(xué)》2014年博士論文

【摘要】：西方社會(huì)運(yùn)動(dòng)可以說是資本主義產(chǎn)生和發(fā)展的伴生物，并在資本主義社會(huì)中得以延續(xù)和發(fā)展，成為資本主義社會(huì)大眾政治訴求和參與的表達(dá)方式，追求各項(xiàng)權(quán)益和政治道德理想的抗?fàn)幨侄巍Ｎ鞣缴鐣?huì)運(yùn)動(dòng)的興起和發(fā)展，對(duì)整個(gè)資本主義現(xiàn)代化建設(shè)、民主政治建設(shè)起到了很大的促進(jìn)的作用（雖然在局部情況下，具有暴力性和破壞性），極大地改變了西方國(guó)家的社會(huì)結(jié)構(gòu)和政治生態(tài)。對(duì)于正在進(jìn)行的現(xiàn)代化和民主化建設(shè)的我國(guó)來(lái)說，跟蹤研究社會(huì)運(yùn)動(dòng)的歷史現(xiàn)象和當(dāng)代形式，梳理社會(huì)運(yùn)動(dòng)的演化路徑，促使國(guó)家和社會(huì)呈現(xiàn)良性發(fā)展，具有重要的現(xiàn)實(shí)借鑒意義。 本文運(yùn)用文獻(xiàn)法、案例法和比較法對(duì)西方社會(huì)運(yùn)動(dòng)的發(fā)生機(jī)制展開研究，文章在西方社會(huì)運(yùn)動(dòng)研究理論的基礎(chǔ)上，整合不同的理論成果，從靜態(tài)和動(dòng)態(tài)、宏觀和微觀的視角分析西方社會(huì)運(yùn)動(dòng)發(fā)生的社會(huì)機(jī)制、政治機(jī)制、組織機(jī)制以及對(duì)抗雙方的互動(dòng)機(jī)制，這些機(jī)制既包括促進(jìn)的機(jī)制，也包括阻礙的機(jī)制，而且，這些不同機(jī)制的排列組合，將使得不同國(guó)家社會(huì)運(yùn)動(dòng)發(fā)生的情況存在很大的差異性。 文章首先分析對(duì)社會(huì)運(yùn)動(dòng)對(duì)抗雙方產(chǎn)生影響的社會(huì)環(huán)境機(jī)制，具體包括市場(chǎng)化的資本主義、技術(shù)化的工業(yè)主義、階級(jí)化的社會(huì)結(jié)構(gòu)和激進(jìn)化的啟蒙運(yùn)動(dòng)，使得社會(huì)運(yùn)動(dòng)雙方都要對(duì)此作出反應(yīng)和回應(yīng)。此外，社會(huì)運(yùn)動(dòng)必然受到國(guó)家形成、轉(zhuǎn)型、崩潰以及國(guó)家性質(zhì)的影響，同時(shí)政治機(jī)會(huì)結(jié)構(gòu)的開放和封閉、機(jī)遇和威脅以及國(guó)家權(quán)力機(jī)器對(duì)社會(huì)運(yùn)動(dòng)的治理能力和處理手法也深深地影響著社會(huì)運(yùn)動(dòng)的發(fā)生。不可否認(rèn)，社會(huì)運(yùn)動(dòng)的發(fā)生還受其自身組織機(jī)制的影響，這些組織機(jī)制包括社會(huì)運(yùn)動(dòng)領(lǐng)導(dǎo)的團(tuán)結(jié)和分裂情況，，現(xiàn)有組織的利用情況、社會(huì)運(yùn)動(dòng)參與者的動(dòng)員情況，一方面要解決搭便車和機(jī)會(huì)主義問題，另一方面要做到廣泛的資源動(dòng)員、社會(huì)利用、居間聯(lián)絡(luò)和認(rèn)同框架建構(gòu)等；在新媒介時(shí)代，必須合理利用媒體的力量，通過媒體鏡像展示和動(dòng)員社會(huì)運(yùn)動(dòng)也是非常重要的一個(gè)環(huán)節(jié)。社會(huì)運(yùn)動(dòng)畢竟是對(duì)抗雙方互動(dòng)的一種社會(huì)現(xiàn)象，社會(huì)運(yùn)動(dòng)類型不同，招致的回應(yīng)也就不同。在這互動(dòng)過程中，本文重點(diǎn)論述了三類互動(dòng)機(jī)制：合法性的確認(rèn)和撤銷、認(rèn)同感的建構(gòu)和解構(gòu)、邊界的激活和鈍化，他們從或積極或消極方面影響社會(huì)運(yùn)動(dòng)。在互動(dòng)過程中，社會(huì)運(yùn)動(dòng)的斗爭(zhēng)手法的調(diào)整和創(chuàng)新，也對(duì)社會(huì)運(yùn)動(dòng)的興起產(chǎn)生了很大的影響，在暴力破壞性的斗爭(zhēng)手法之外，社會(huì)運(yùn)動(dòng)創(chuàng)新了請(qǐng)?jiān)浮⒂涡惺就�、罷工和靜坐等斗爭(zhēng)手法，極大的緩和了斗爭(zhēng)雙方對(duì)抗的劇烈性，有利于社會(huì)運(yùn)動(dòng)的生存和發(fā)展。在斗爭(zhēng)過程中，還有一個(gè)斗爭(zhēng)周期現(xiàn)象，作為互動(dòng)的結(jié)果，斗爭(zhēng)周期的轉(zhuǎn)化，意味著社會(huì)運(yùn)動(dòng)的興起、衰弱或者消失的過程。 文章的創(chuàng)新之處，在于對(duì)社會(huì)運(yùn)動(dòng)各自分化而互不聯(lián)系的研究理論進(jìn)行整合的基礎(chǔ)上，從機(jī)制入手對(duì)社會(huì)運(yùn)動(dòng)展開研究，既分析了促進(jìn)社會(huì)運(yùn)動(dòng)的機(jī)制，也分析了弱化或消解社會(huì)運(yùn)動(dòng)的機(jī)制，他們之間的交織演化對(duì)社會(huì)運(yùn)動(dòng)的發(fā)生和未來(lái)產(chǎn)生很大的影響。文章對(duì)社會(huì)運(yùn)動(dòng)的未來(lái)持謹(jǐn)慎的態(tài)度，社會(huì)運(yùn)動(dòng)的未來(lái)，既有可能擴(kuò)散，也有可能消解；既有可能在外部或內(nèi)部促進(jìn)民主化，也有可能去民主化；社會(huì)運(yùn)動(dòng)的抗?fàn)幖扔锌赡軠睾突�，也有可能激進(jìn)化。這一切都取決上文章里所分析的不同機(jī)制的促進(jìn)和阻礙的二重性，取決于諸種機(jī)制的排列組合的情況。
[Abstract]:Western social movement can be said to be associated with the development of capitalism and the creatures, and the continuation and development in capitalist society, capitalist society becomes mass political aspirations and participate in the expression, the pursuit of political rights and moral ideal struggle means. The rise and development of western social movement, the whole capitalist modernization construction, the construction of democratic politics played a big role (although with violence and destruction in the local case), has greatly changed the social structure and political ecology in western countries. For our ongoing modernization and democratization construction, historical phenomenon tracking study of social movements and contemporary forms, combing the evolution path the social movement, the state and society showed a benign development, has the important practical significance.
This article uses the literature method, case method and comparative method to study the mechanism of western social movement, based on the theory of western social movement study on integration of different theoretical results, from static and dynamic, macro and micro analysis from the perspective of social mechanism, western social movement of the political mechanism, organization mechanism and anti interaction the mechanism of both sides, both of these mechanisms include the promotion mechanism, including blocking mechanism, and the mechanism of these different combinations, the differences of social movements in different countries will make happen.
This paper first analyzes the social environment mechanism of social movement against both the influence of the market, including the technology of capitalism, industrialism, class of social structure and the radicalization of the enlightenment, the social movement of both sides to react and respond to. In addition, the social movement is bound by national formation, transformation collapse and influencing national nature, open and closed at the same time the political opportunity structure, governance ability and handling of social movement opportunities and threats and the state power machine is also deeply affected the social movement. Admittedly, influence the occurrence of social movement is also affected by its own organization mechanism, the organization mechanism including unity and the splitting of the social movement led by the existing situation, organization, mobilization of social movement actors, on the one hand to solve a ride and the main chance The problem of justice, on the other hand to do resource mobilization, extensive social contact and use, intermediary identity framework construction; in the new media era, must be reasonable to use the power of media, a link through the media image display and mobilization of social movement is also very important. After all, the social movement is a social phenomenon of mutual confrontation and the social movement of different types, cause response is also different. In the process of interaction, this paper focuses on three kinds of interactive mechanism: to confirm the legitimacy and revocation of identity construction and deconstruction, boundary activation and passivation, or from their positive or negative effects of social movement. In the interactive process social movement struggle technique adjustment and innovation, also had a great impact on the rise of social movements, in addition to violent destructive struggle tactics, social movement innovation petitions, demonstrations, strike And sit in the struggle way, greatly eased a violent struggle against both sides, is conducive to the survival and development of social movements. In the struggle process, there is a period of struggle as phenomenon, the result of the interaction, transformation of struggle period, means the rise of social movements, weak or disappear.
The innovation of the article is based on the integration theory of social movements and their differentiation linked to each other on, from the mechanism of research on social movement, analyzes the promotion mechanism of social movement, also analyzed the mechanism of weaken or eliminate the social movement, between them on the evolution of social movements occur intertwined and the future has great influence. The cautious attitude of the social movement in the future, the future of social movement, can be spread, there may be digestion; can promote democratization in external or internal, also be able to democratic social movement; struggle can moderate, have may radicalization. It all depends on the different mechanism of the analysis of the positive and negative duality, depends on the mechanism of permutation and combination.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：上海交通大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號(hào)】：D502

【參考文獻(xiàn)】

相關(guān)期刊論文 前3條

1 楊敏;;群體性事件之政府答卷[J];決策;2009年01期

2 張孝廷;趙[

本文編號(hào)：1662454