本文選題：中亞　切入點：伊斯蘭教復(fù)興運動　出處：《武漢大學》2017年碩士論文　論文類型：學位論文

【摘要】：中亞五國均為伊斯蘭教國家,中亞地區(qū)的伊斯蘭教復(fù)興是當代世界伊斯蘭教復(fù)興的一個重要組成部分。中亞五國的伊斯蘭教復(fù)興在20世紀80年代末90年代初時面臨著重要轉(zhuǎn)折,在蘇聯(lián)解體后獲得了較快發(fā)展。中亞五國的伊斯蘭教復(fù)興各自有其突出特點,但都與本國的社會密切聯(lián)系并對社會產(chǎn)生較深遠的影響。伴隨著中亞地區(qū)伊斯蘭教復(fù)興,伊斯蘭極端主義思想也傳入了中亞,伊斯蘭極端主義勢力和民族分裂勢力與恐怖主義勢力相互勾結(jié),對中亞及其周邊國家的安全穩(wěn)定都造成了很大的威脅。對中亞伊斯蘭教復(fù)興的原因和影響的分析對于中亞及其周邊國家來說都有著重要的現(xiàn)實意義,中亞伊斯蘭教復(fù)興與中國新疆的安全穩(wěn)定和民族團結(jié)都有著不可忽視的影響,而有關(guān)政府如何正確處理與伊斯蘭教之間的關(guān)系,如何正確引導伊斯蘭教的發(fā)展,發(fā)揮其積極作用,避免其走向極端化的思考在當今國際社會對眾多擁有穆斯林人口的國家都有著很強的現(xiàn)實意義。本文一共分為三章,具體內(nèi)容安排如下:第一章主要介紹了中亞伊斯蘭教復(fù)興的表現(xiàn),一共分為三個部分。第一部分梳理了伊斯蘭教在中亞的發(fā)展歷史,包括伊斯蘭教在中亞的早期傳播及發(fā)展階段、沙俄時期和蘇聯(lián)時期的中亞伊斯蘭教發(fā)展階段,進而總結(jié)伊斯蘭教在中亞發(fā)展獨特的歷史特點。第二部分分析了中亞伊斯蘭教復(fù)興開始的時間。蘇聯(lián)解體前期,從戈爾巴喬夫改革開始為標志,伊斯蘭教在中亞迅速開始復(fù)興。第三部分探討了中亞伊斯蘭教復(fù)興的表現(xiàn)。這一表現(xiàn)集中體現(xiàn)在宗教設(shè)施的增加和宗教文化活動的恢復(fù)。第二章著重分析了中亞伊斯蘭教復(fù)興的原因和特點。文章將從內(nèi)因和外因兩個角度來分析。從內(nèi)因看,蘇聯(lián)時期長期實行錯誤的宗教政策,對伊斯蘭教實施高壓政策,這使得伊斯蘭教長久以來都只能在地下艱難生存。蘇聯(lián)推行"新思維"改革,特別是蘇聯(lián)解體后,獲得獨立的中亞五國紛紛采取了開放的宗教信仰自由政策,客觀上為伊斯蘭教復(fù)興提供了條件。除此之外,中亞五國由于受到蘇聯(lián)模式弊端的影響而發(fā)展緩慢,獨立之后國內(nèi)經(jīng)濟缺乏經(jīng)濟增長動力,失業(yè)率偏高,加之年輕人占人口比例高,客觀上為伊斯蘭教復(fù)興準備了"后備軍"。與此同時,蘇聯(lián)解體之后,中亞五國伊斯蘭教新建的大量宗教設(shè)施,需要大量新的教職人員,吸引了大量的年輕人加入,從而推動了伊斯蘭教復(fù)興的浪潮。從外因看,蘇聯(lián)解體之后,中亞地區(qū)出現(xiàn)權(quán)力真空,周邊的伊斯蘭國家都積極對剛成立的中亞五國伸出援手,支援中亞的伊斯蘭教復(fù)興建設(shè),從而也推動了中亞的伊斯蘭教復(fù)興。第三章主要分析了中亞伊斯蘭教復(fù)興對中亞和周邊國家的影響。對于中亞來說,伊斯蘭教在社會中相比以前發(fā)揮著更多的文化和社會功能,對中亞地區(qū)的文化、外交和社會發(fā)展都產(chǎn)生了巨大的影響。中亞伊斯蘭教復(fù)興過程中的伊斯蘭極端主義勢力與恐怖主義和民族分裂勢力相互勾結(jié),對中亞五國和周邊國家都造成了很大的安全威脅。中亞五國和周邊國家都積極通過加強國際合作來共同抵制伊斯蘭極端主義勢力。
[Abstract]:The five Central Asian countries are Islamic countries in Central Asia, the Islamic Renaissance is an important part of the contemporary world Islamic Renaissance. The five Central Asian countries are facing an important turning point in Islamic revival in the late 1980s early 90s, gained rapid development after the collapse of the Soviet Union. The five Central Asian countries have their own outstanding characteristics of Islamic Renaissance, but with their own the society closely linked and have profound effects on the society. Along with the revival of Islam in Central Asia, Islamic extremism spread into Central Asia, the Islamic extremist forces and ethnic separatist forces and terrorist forces in collusion, safety and stability of Central Asia and its neighboring countries have caused a great threat. The cause and effect analysis of Central Asia the Islamic revival has important realistic meaning for Central Asia and its neighboring countries Yi, Xinjiang and Central Asia Islamic revival China security stability and national unity has the effect can not be ignored, the relationship between the government and how to deal with Islam, how to correctly guide the development of Islam, to play its positive role, avoid thinking to extremes in today's international society has many of the Muslim population the country has a very strong practical significance. This paper is divided into three chapters, the main contents are as follows: the first chapter mainly introduces the revival of Islam in Central Asia, is divided into three parts. The first part reviews the history of the development of Islam in Central Asia, including the early spread of Islam in Central Asia and Russia during the development stage. And the Soviet Union during the development of Islam in Central Asia, and then summarize the development history of the unique characteristics of Islam in Central Asia. The second part analyzes in Asian Islamic revival begins. The disintegration of the Soviet Union, from the Gorbachev reform began as a symbol of Islam in Central Asia began to revive quickly. The third part discusses the revival of Islam in Central Asia. This performance embodies the increase in religious facilities and religious cultural activities resumed. The second chapter mainly analyzes the causes and characteristics of the revival of Islam in Central Asia the article will be from the two aspects of internal and external analysis. From the internal perspective, the Soviet Union long-standing wrong religious policy, the implementation of high pressure policy on Islam, since this makes Islam long only in the underground hard to survive. The Soviet Union's "new thinking" reform, especially after the collapse of the Soviet Union, the independence of the five Central Asian countries have adopted the open policy of freedom of religious belief, provides the objective conditions for the rejuvenation of Islam. In addition, the Central Asian country by five In the influence of the Soviet model and the drawbacks of slow development, independent domestic economy lack of power of economic growth, the unemployment rate is high, and the young people accounted for a high proportion of the population, the objective for the rejuvenation of Islam to "reserve army". At the same time, after the collapse of the Soviet Union, a large number of religious facilities in Asian countries Islam new, requires a lot of new the clergy, attracted a large number of young people, so as to promote the Islamic Renaissance tide. From the perspective of external factors, after the collapse of the Soviet Union, a power vacuum in Central Asia, around the Islamic state are actively to the newly established Central Asian countries helping to support the construction of the Central Asian Islamic Renaissance, which also contributed to the revival of Islam in Central Asia. The third chapter mainly analyzes the influence of Central Asia Islamic revival in Central Asia and neighboring countries. In Central Asia, Islam than in society Before playing a more and more cultural and social functions, the regional culture, has exerted a great influence in diplomacy and social development. Islam in Central Asia in the revival of Islamic extremism and terrorism and separatism in collusion, have caused a great threat to the five Central Asian countries and neighboring countries. The five Central Asian countries and neighboring countries actively through the strengthening of international cooperation to jointly resist Islamic extremism.

【學位授予單位】：武漢大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：B969;D736

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