本文關(guān)鍵詞： 英國階 級階 級結(jié)構(gòu) 政治 工人階級 中產(chǎn)階級　出處：《山東大學(xué)》2005年博士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：本論文共分為七部分,各部分主要研究內(nèi)容及觀點(diǎn)如下: 第一部分為導(dǎo)論,將說明本選題的意義、依據(jù)、國內(nèi)外研究現(xiàn)狀及主要研究內(nèi)容,對有關(guān)階級和階級結(jié)構(gòu)的幾個基本理論問題進(jìn)行簡要述評,探討當(dāng)代英國社會階級和階級結(jié)構(gòu)變遷的社會和經(jīng)濟(jì)背景。 如何看待階級和階級結(jié)構(gòu)問題,曾經(jīng)在很大程度上直接決定著一個國家或社會許多重大政策的選擇和制定。二十世紀(jì)后期以來,特別是到二十世紀(jì)末,當(dāng)代西方資本主義社會在經(jīng)濟(jì)、政治、社會、文化等領(lǐng)域發(fā)生了巨大變遷,在這種形勢下,如何來看待這些社會中的階級、階級結(jié)構(gòu)以及階級矛盾和階級沖突,國內(nèi)外不同學(xué)者的認(rèn)識可以說有著天壤之別。但他們都不同程度地認(rèn)為,現(xiàn)代西方社會的階級和階級結(jié)構(gòu)從二戰(zhàn)以后發(fā)生了巨大變化,階級分析在政治、特別是國際政治領(lǐng)域不再具有像過去那樣的重要地位,階級更多地成為一個社會學(xué)的、而不是政治學(xué)的詞匯。西方學(xué)者從上世紀(jì)七十年代以來對發(fā)達(dá)資本主義社會、尤其是對英國社會階級結(jié)構(gòu)比較有影響的綜合研究主要有:吉登斯的《發(fā)達(dá)社會的階級結(jié)構(gòu)》(1973)、賴特的《階級、危機(jī)與國家》(1979)、戈德索普等人的《現(xiàn)代英國的社會流動與階級結(jié)構(gòu)》(1987)、馬歇爾等人的《現(xiàn)代英國的社會階級》(1988)、博托莫爾的《現(xiàn)代社會中的階級》(1991)、帕爾庫斯基和沃特斯的《階級的死亡》(1996)、羅伯茨的《現(xiàn)代英國的階級》(2001),另外還有一些重要的專項(xiàng)研究。這些研究成果在對現(xiàn)代西方社會階級結(jié)構(gòu)變化的程度和后果的基本看法上,大體可以分為兩類:一類是“階級消亡論”,以吉登斯、帕爾庫斯基和沃特斯等人為代表,認(rèn)為“階級正在消亡,大多數(shù)發(fā)達(dá)社會已經(jīng)不再是階級社會”,因此階級政治分析的方法已經(jīng)完全過時。如吉登斯認(rèn)為,在過去的二、三十年中,世界發(fā)生了翻天覆地的變化,傳統(tǒng)的社會主義、資本主義理論,傳統(tǒng)的階級政治分析方法,已經(jīng)不能解釋目前的政治現(xiàn)實(shí)。因此他主張另辟蹊徑,超越傳統(tǒng)的“左”與“右”的對立,走所謂“第三條道路”。另一類是“階級存活論”,以博托莫爾、賴特和羅伯茨等人為代表,認(rèn)為盡管當(dāng)代西方社會的階級和階級結(jié)構(gòu)發(fā)生了重大變化,但這些社會仍然是階級社會,階級仍然是政治的主要基礎(chǔ),因此階級分析的方法仍然適用。在這類學(xué)者的一些論著中,還多少可以看到以往“左”的階級觀點(diǎn)的痕跡。
[Abstract]:This thesis is divided into seven parts. The main research contents and viewpoints are as follows:. The first part is the introduction, which will explain the significance and basis of this topic, the current research situation and main research contents at home and abroad, and briefly comment on several basic theoretical issues related to class and class structure. This paper discusses the social and economic background of class and class structure changes in contemporary England. How class and class structure are viewed has to a large extent directly determined the choice and formulation of many major policies of a country or society. Since late 20th century, especially by the end of 20th century, Great changes have taken place in the economic, political, social and cultural fields of the contemporary western capitalist society. Under such circumstances, how to look at the class, class structure, class contradictions and class conflicts in these societies, The understanding of different scholars at home and abroad can be said to be very different. However, to varying degrees, they all believe that the class and class structure of modern western society have undergone tremendous changes since the second World War, and class analysis takes place in politics. In particular, international politics is no longer as important as it used to be, and class is more of a sociological rather than a political term. In particular, the comprehensive research on the class structure of British society mainly includes: Giddens, Class structure in developed Society, 1973, Wright, Class. "crisis and the State." Goldthorpe et al. "Social Mobility and Class structure in Modern England." 1987. Marshall et al. "Social classes in Modern Britain." 1988-8. "Class in Modern Society" by Bottomore. "Class in Modern Society." Parkusky and Waters. "death of classes" in 1996, Roberts'"Class in Modern Britain" in 2001, and other important special studies. These results are based on the basic view of the extent and consequences of the changes in class structure in modern Western societies. It can be divided into two categories: one is the theory of class extinction, represented by Giddens, Parkusky and Waters, and other people, who think that "class is dying out," Most developed societies are no longer class societies, "so the analysis of class politics is completely out of date." as Giddens believes, the world has changed dramatically in the past two or three decades, with traditional socialism. The theory of capitalism, the traditional method of class politics analysis, can no longer explain the current political reality. Therefore, he advocates a new way to go beyond the traditional opposition of "left" and "right". Take the so-called "third way". The other is the "theory of class survival," represented by Bottomore, Wright and Roberts, who believe that despite the great changes that have taken place in the class and class structure of contemporary Western societies, However, these societies are still class societies, and class is still the main foundation of politics, so the method of class analysis is still applicable.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：山東大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2005
【分類號】：D756.1

【引證文獻(xiàn)】

相關(guān)博士學(xué)位論文 前1條

1 鐘云華;學(xué)生貸款與貧困生的社會流動：資本轉(zhuǎn)化理論的擴(kuò)展[D];華中科技大學(xué);2010年

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本文編號：1549705