發(fā)布時間：2018-02-26 03:32

  本文關(guān)鍵詞： 女權(quán)主義 社會性別 父權(quán)制　出處：《華東師范大學(xué)》2007年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】： 女權(quán)主義作為西方哲學(xué)思想——個體主義(individualism)的一個分支，是西方父權(quán)制文化和西方社會個體化發(fā)展之間矛盾沖突的產(chǎn)物。女權(quán)主義興起的主要原因，，是由于發(fā)展了的社會經(jīng)濟生活與父權(quán)制文化繼續(xù)維持婦女從屬地位之間矛盾的激化。隨著自由主義思想的傳播和工業(yè)革命的深化，男子在社會個體化的過程中獲得越來越多的個人權(quán)利，而女性的權(quán)利卻始終遭到排斥，無法調(diào)和的沖突促成了美國女權(quán)主義的興起。 美國的女權(quán)運動歷史上出現(xiàn)了兩次高潮時期。第一次是出現(xiàn)在19世紀末到20世紀初的婦女爭取選舉權(quán)的運動，在這次運動中，持自由主義信仰的女權(quán)主義者們將男女不平等的根源歸結(jié)為婦女沒有獲得社會體制的準入權(quán)——政治平等權(quán)，因而爭取政治平等權(quán)成為斗爭的首要目標。第二次是出現(xiàn)在20世紀六、七十年代的女權(quán)運動，這次運動強調(diào)婦女的解放，意指在一切社會領(lǐng)域中爭取男女平等。由于女權(quán)主義者們認識到社會的主流意識把女性限制在家庭這個私人領(lǐng)域內(nèi)，排斥女性進入公共領(lǐng)域，從而造成了女性社會地位的低下，因而積極地爭取婦女在公共領(lǐng)域內(nèi)全方面的權(quán)利成為這次運動的主要目標。通過游說、靜坐、游行、示威等多種斗爭手段，美國女權(quán)主義運動為美國女性贏得了政治選舉權(quán)、工資待遇和職業(yè)性質(zhì)、受教育機會等方面的顯著改善，美國的家庭模式，社會文化也均受到了一定程度的影響，向著有利于婦女地位的方向發(fā)展。 今天的美國女權(quán)主義運動已不再像過去一樣表現(xiàn)為大規(guī)模的全國性政治運動，而是越來越重視女權(quán)主義理論研究的深入和發(fā)展。女權(quán)主義作為當代西方社會影響較大的政治思潮之一，它既是女權(quán)運動的實踐經(jīng)驗的總結(jié)，又是女權(quán)運動的理論指南。為了更好地反映和理解美國女權(quán)運動的歷史進程，本文也將對于女權(quán)運動發(fā)展史上出現(xiàn)過的自由主義、社會主義、激進主義的女權(quán)主義政治思想做深入細致地介紹和評析。當前美國女權(quán)主義重要研究成果之一社會性別理論的提出和發(fā)展使得美國女權(quán)主義運動有了新的質(zhì)的飛躍，從原來的忽視男女生理差異，片面追求男性特質(zhì)轉(zhuǎn)移到致力于改造以男子為中心的社會文化體制，建立中性化的社會性別制度，從而促進男女真正和諧發(fā)展上來。這個理論對我國的婦女研究和婦女工作產(chǎn)生了重大影響，本文對此也進行了介紹和分析。 總之，女權(quán)主義作為一種婦女在法律、政治、經(jīng)濟、文化、教育等各個領(lǐng)域里爭取同男子享有平等權(quán)利的政治思想和運動。它既像其他比較有系統(tǒng)的思想一樣，有著自己的理論和不同的流派，也像其他有相當規(guī)模的運動一樣，展開了形式多樣的斗爭，在思想與運動的交互作用下，女權(quán)主義不斷推動社會向著有利于改變婦女地位的方向邁步。
[Abstract]:Feminism, as a branch of western philosophical ideologyindividualism, is the product of conflict between patriarchal culture and individualized development of western society. Because the contradiction between the developed social and economic life and the patriarchal culture continues to maintain the subordinate status of women. With the spread of liberalism and the deepening of the industrial revolution, Men gain more and more individual rights in the process of individualization, while women's rights are always excluded. Irreconcilable conflicts have contributed to the rise of feminism in the United States. There have been two climaxes in the history of the feminist movement in the United States. The first was the women's campaign for the right to vote, which took place from late 19th century to early 20th century. Libertarian feminists attribute the root causes of inequality between men and women to women's lack of access to the social system-the right to political equality. Thus, the struggle for political equality became the primary objective of the struggle. The second was the feminist movement, which appeared on 20th century and 70s, which emphasized the emancipation of women. It means to strive for equality between men and women in all spheres of society... as a result of the recognition by feminists that the mainstream of society restricts women to the private sphere of the family and excludes women from the public sphere, resulting in the low status of women in society, Therefore, actively fighting for women's rights in all aspects of the public sphere has become the main target of this movement. Through various means of struggle, such as lobbying, sit-ins, marches, demonstrations, and so on, the American feminist movement has won American women the right to vote in politics. Pay and job quality, education opportunities and other aspects of significant improvement, the United States family model, social and cultural are also affected to a certain extent, toward the direction of women's status. Today's feminist movement in the United States no longer manifests itself as a large-scale national political movement, as it used to be. Feminism, as one of the most influential political trends in contemporary western society, is a summary of the practical experience of the feminist movement. In order to better reflect and understand the historical process of American feminist movement, this paper will also discuss the history of liberalism, socialism, which appeared in the history of feminist movement. The radical feminist political thought is introduced and analyzed in detail. The development of the gender theory, one of the important research achievements of American feminism, has made a new qualitative leap for the American feminist movement. Instead of neglecting the physiological differences between men and women, the one-sided pursuit of masculinity has shifted to the transformation of the male-centered social and cultural system and the establishment of a neutral gender system. This theory has a great influence on women's research and women's work in our country. This paper also introduces and analyzes this theory. In short, feminism, as a political thought and movement of women seeking equal rights with men in all fields of law, politics, economy, culture, education, etc., is like other more systematic ideas. With their own theories and different schools of thought, and like other movements on a fairly large scale, they fought in various forms, under the interaction of thought and movement. Feminism continues to push society in the direction of changing the status of women.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：華東師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2007
【分類號】：C913.68;D771.2

【引證文獻】

相關(guān)碩士學(xué)位論文 前2條

1 黃麗萍;女性主義國際關(guān)系理論述評[D];湖南師范大學(xué);2011年

2 李娟;女性主義運動背景下的美國女子高等教育研究[D];陜西師范大學(xué);2012年

本文編號：1536377