發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-02-11 23:54

  本文關(guān)鍵詞： 尼泊爾 印度 水資源政治關(guān)系 外來(lái)援助　出處：《外交學(xué)院》2009年博士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】： 位于南亞次大陸的喜馬拉雅山區(qū)國(guó)家尼泊爾是一個(gè)水資源極為豐富的國(guó)家,其國(guó)內(nèi)的眾多河流還蘊(yùn)藏著巨大的水電潛能。同屬一個(gè)國(guó)際流域的印度位于其下游,國(guó)內(nèi)水資源匱乏,能源緊缺現(xiàn)象嚴(yán)重,是一個(gè)頗受水問(wèn)題困擾的國(guó)家。尼國(guó)內(nèi)水資源的治理和開(kāi)發(fā)利用可以有效緩解印度目前面臨的種種困境。因此,水資源政治關(guān)系成為架構(gòu)兩國(guó)總體雙邊關(guān)系的關(guān)鍵性因素,受到兩國(guó)歷屆政府的高度重視。然而,由于兩國(guó)實(shí)力的懸殊,豐水但國(guó)弱的上游國(guó)家尼泊爾在處理同貧水而國(guó)強(qiáng)的下游國(guó)印度之間的關(guān)系時(shí),非但沒(méi)能享有地理位置賦予的主導(dǎo)性優(yōu)勢(shì),還因自身國(guó)力的貧弱而在內(nèi)政外交諸多方面受制于印度的霸權(quán),水資源的開(kāi)發(fā)利用也處于印度的壟斷之下。兩國(guó)間這種存在較大偏差的不均衡對(duì)局自尼泊爾拉納家族的獨(dú)裁統(tǒng)治時(shí)期就已然形成,并延續(xù)了一個(gè)世紀(jì)之久。自20世紀(jì)60年代開(kāi)始,尼泊爾走上了一條利用外來(lái)援助來(lái)謀求與印度之平等關(guān)系的道路,水資源自然成為這種外交努力的主要依托。尼泊爾政府利用印度對(duì)本國(guó)水資源治理開(kāi)發(fā)的依賴,來(lái)實(shí)現(xiàn)其在政治、經(jīng)濟(jì)等方面旨在彰顯尼泊爾獨(dú)立主權(quán)國(guó)地位的利益訴求。但是,鑒于印度長(zhǎng)期以來(lái)形成的特別是針對(duì)尼泊爾政治權(quán)力架構(gòu)的強(qiáng)勢(shì)影響,再加上國(guó)際大背景的不斷變動(dòng),外來(lái)援助對(duì)于尼泊爾爭(zhēng)取自主發(fā)展的積極輔助作用有限并呈現(xiàn)出不穩(wěn)定的變化趨勢(shì)。尼國(guó)內(nèi)自20世紀(jì)90年代以來(lái)愈演愈烈的權(quán)勢(shì)之爭(zhēng)也影響著兩國(guó)水資源政治關(guān)系的發(fā)展和走向。 本文將在詳盡的歷史梳理的基礎(chǔ)之上,對(duì)上述各方面內(nèi)容進(jìn)行系統(tǒng)的分析,力求將尼、印兩國(guó)非傳統(tǒng)的水資源政治關(guān)系連同以之作為核心部分的由第三方介入才得以形成的雙邊對(duì)局清楚的展現(xiàn)在讀者面前,并運(yùn)用博弈論的相關(guān)概念來(lái)對(duì)部分重點(diǎn)環(huán)節(jié)進(jìn)行解讀,使文章的分析更為嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)。當(dāng)下,尼泊爾政局正經(jīng)歷著前所未有的變革,制定對(duì)印及其他援助供給國(guó)的政策,尤其是水政策無(wú)疑將成為新政府執(zhí)政能力的一大考驗(yàn)。對(duì)此,本文也將進(jìn)行論述。
[Abstract]:Nepal, a country in the Himalayan region of the South Asian subcontinent, is a country with extremely rich water resources, and many of its rivers have enormous hydropower potential. India, which is also an international basin, is located downstream. The shortage of domestic water resources and the serious shortage of energy are a country beset by water problems. The governance, development and utilization of domestic water resources in Nepal can effectively alleviate the difficulties facing India at present. Political relations on water resources have become a key factor in structuring the overall bilateral relations between the two countries, and have been highly valued by successive governments of the two countries. However, due to the disparity of strength between the two countries, Nepal, the water-rich but weak upstream country, has not been able to enjoy the dominant advantage given by its geographical position in dealing with its relations with India, a strong downstream country that is poor in water. Because of its weak national strength, it is also subject to Indian hegemony in many aspects of domestic and foreign affairs. The exploitation and utilization of water resources are also under the monopoly of India. The imbalance between the two countries has been formed since the dictatorship of Nepal's Rana family. And it lasted for a century. Since 1960s, Nepal has embarked on a path of using foreign aid to pursue equal relations with India. Of course, water resources have become the main source of this diplomatic effort. The Nepalese government has used India's dependence on the governance and development of its own water resources to realize its political role. Economic and other aspects are aimed at highlighting the interests of Nepal as an independent sovereign state. However, in view of India's long-standing strong influence on Nepal's political power structure, coupled with the constant changes in the international context, The positive role of foreign aid in Nepal's efforts for independent development is limited and shows a changing trend of instability. The growing power struggle in Nepal since 1990s has also affected the political relationship between the two countries' water resources. The development and trend of the Department. On the basis of a detailed historical review, this paper will systematically analyze the contents of the above aspects, and strive to make a thorough analysis of the contents of the above aspects. The untraditional political relationship of water resources between India and India, together with the bilateral relations formed by the intervention of third parties, which is the core part, is clearly displayed in front of the readers, and the relevant concepts of game theory are used to interpret some key links. Now that Nepal's political situation is undergoing unprecedented changes, the formulation of policies for India and other donor countries, especially the water policy, will undoubtedly become a major test of the new government's ability to govern. This article will also be discussed.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：外交學(xué)院
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2009
【分類號(hào)】：D735.5

【參考文獻(xiàn)】

相關(guān)期刊論文 前10條

1 王宏緯;尼泊爾反政府武裝的興起及其對(duì)中國(guó)安全的影響[J];當(dāng)代亞太;2002年10期

2 張惠蘭;尼泊爾多黨民主制面臨困境[J];當(dāng)代亞太;2003年08期

3 張惠蘭;尼泊爾對(duì)外政策的特點(diǎn)及形成因素[J];當(dāng)代亞太;1998年05期

4 康秀英;日益活躍的尼泊爾共產(chǎn)黨(毛主義)[J];當(dāng)代世界;2001年08期

5 賈鵬;;尼泊爾和平進(jìn)程的新階段對(duì)其政局影響深遠(yuǎn)——尼共(毛主義)加入尼臨時(shí)政府[J];當(dāng)代世界;2007年05期

6 劉善國(guó);尼泊爾2003～2004年度經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展述評(píng)[J];南亞研究;2004年02期

7 劉善國(guó);試論尼泊爾反政府武裝及其對(duì)該國(guó)政局的影響[J];南亞研究;2005年01期

8 王偉;藍(lán)建學(xué);;尼泊爾共產(chǎn)黨(毛派):從叢林走向議會(huì)[J];南亞研究;2006年02期

9 顏從文;美國(guó)與尼泊爾關(guān)系升溫之原因探析及展望[J];南亞研究季刊;2003年01期

10 宋志輝;尼泊爾政局發(fā)展及其前景[J];南亞研究季刊;2005年01期

，

本文編號(hào)：1504303