本文關(guān)鍵詞： 法國愛國主義 古典愛國主義 共和愛國主義　出處：《武漢大學(xué)》2014年博士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：愛國主義是個(gè)看似簡單實(shí)則相當(dāng)復(fù)雜的論題,特別是對(duì)于法國這樣一個(gè)具有悠久歷史和文化底蘊(yùn)的國家。本文以法國愛國主義為研究對(duì)象,以歷史為主線,以愛國主義內(nèi)涵演進(jìn)為依據(jù),將法國愛國主義劃分為兩個(gè)大的階段：古典階段和共和階段。古典階段的愛國主義是一個(gè)純粹的地理、文化概念,共和階段的愛國主義則是個(gè)政治概念。二者之間的界點(diǎn)為1715年,因?yàn)樗w現(xiàn)著“名副其實(shí)的轉(zhuǎn)折”。 古典階段的愛國主義即1715年以前的愛國主義,具有明顯的地理和文化特征,它的演進(jìn)主要經(jīng)歷了三個(gè)階段：起步階段的古典愛國主義是對(duì)氏族或者部落的熱愛,它是一種天然的感情,類似于子女對(duì)于父母的依戀；積淀階段的古典愛國主義吸收了基督教的酵素,將對(duì)上帝的虔誠作為中心內(nèi)容；發(fā)展階段的古典愛國主義從上帝的天國復(fù)歸到塵世,它以法蘭西身份確立為起點(diǎn),經(jīng)歷了對(duì)“法蘭西母親”的熱愛,最終轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)閷?duì)“法蘭西父親”的忠誠。 1715年之后的愛國主義,具有明顯的政治內(nèi)涵。為了明晰其發(fā)展軌跡,筆者選擇“共和”這一從1715年開始在法國政治思想中占據(jù)重要地位的詞匯為切入點(diǎn),以“共和愛國主義”為關(guān)鍵詞,對(duì)1715年之后的法國愛國主義進(jìn)行考察。筆者將其劃分為四個(gè)階段：第一階段是共和愛國主義的誕生。主要是從18世紀(jì)愛國主義話語建構(gòu)中探尋共和愛國主義的痕跡,分析其產(chǎn)生的原因及最終轉(zhuǎn)換為實(shí)踐的過程；第二階段是共和愛國主義的蟄伏。從拿破侖開始,法國愛國主義背離了1789年的傳統(tǒng),在實(shí)現(xiàn)所謂法蘭西光榮之中走向了沙文主義的泥淖,并在緊接著的復(fù)辟王朝、七月王朝和第二帝國的統(tǒng)治之下繼續(xù)喪失話語權(quán)；第三階段是共和愛國主義的崛起。普法戰(zhàn)爭是共和愛國主義崛起的重要契機(jī),此后經(jīng)歷了世俗化教育和傳統(tǒng)的發(fā)明以及與國內(nèi)各類思潮的博弈中日益鞏固,并在1914年得以進(jìn)發(fā)。雖然在兩次世界大戰(zhàn)中,共和愛國主義經(jīng)歷了幾次反復(fù),但對(duì)共和的熱愛已經(jīng)成為法國人生活的一部分；第四階段是共和愛國主義的現(xiàn)代發(fā)展。在結(jié)束了維希政府統(tǒng)治和臨時(shí)政府的短暫過渡之后,第四共和國得以確立。雖然第四共和國未能長存,但共和愛國主義并沒有因此中斷,它在第五共和國得以延續(xù),并在悄然之中發(fā)生了重要的轉(zhuǎn)型：由原來的應(yīng)激反應(yīng)轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)橐环N反省式的反應(yīng)�？梢哉f,現(xiàn)代法國共和愛國主義已經(jīng)沒有了戰(zhàn)爭年代的洶涌澎湃,但如綿綿細(xì)雨,潤物無聲。在未來,它將以更加多元的姿態(tài)、開放的情懷和文化的優(yōu)雅迎接全球化和歐洲一體化所帶來的挑戰(zhàn)。 結(jié)語部分首先對(duì)法國愛國主義進(jìn)行回顧與反思。認(rèn)為其具有自然性、文化性、鄉(xiāng)土性、分離性和共和性等五大特點(diǎn)；同時(shí)對(duì)法國愛國主義的話語體系、法國愛國主義的形成要素、法國愛國主義的傳承等問題進(jìn)行反思,并對(duì)法國愛國主義的歷史局限性進(jìn)行了分析；其次,以法國為鑒,探討我國愛國主義在新的歷史時(shí)期所應(yīng)作出的回應(yīng)。筆者認(rèn)為站在新的歷史起點(diǎn)上的愛國主義應(yīng)當(dāng)與時(shí)俱進(jìn)、應(yīng)當(dāng)貫穿國民教育的始終、應(yīng)當(dāng)用因特網(wǎng)來支持以及應(yīng)當(dāng)用其融合各民族；最后,對(duì)法國愛國主義研究存在的不足和未來研究的方向進(jìn)行了簡要的論述。
[Abstract]:Patriotism is a seemingly simple but complicated topic, especially in such a have a long history and cultural heritage of the country for France. The French patriotism as the research object, the history, the evolution of the connotation of patriotism as the basis, the French patriotism is divided into two stages: classical the stage and stage of the Republic. The classical patriotism is a purely geographical, cultural concept, Republic stage patriotism is a political concept. Between the two points to 1715, because it embodies the "worthy of the name '.
The classical phase of patriotism before 1715 patriotism, with geographical and cultural characteristics, its evolution mainly experienced three stages: the initial stage of the classical patriotism is the love of the clan or tribe, it is a natural feeling, similar to the children for parental attachment; accumulation stage classical patriotism absorbs the Christian faith in God will ferment, as the central content; the development stage of the classical patriotism from the kingdom of God to return to earth, it to the French identity as a starting point, through the love of the "French mother", eventually into loyalty to France "father".
After 1715 the patriotism has obvious political connotation. In order to clarify its development path, the author chooses the "Republic" from the beginning of 1715 occupies an important position in the French political thought in words as the starting point, "Republican patriotism" as key words, on 1715 after the French patriotism of the author. Is divided into four stages: the first stage is the birth of patriotism. Patriotism is mainly to explore the Republic from eighteenth Century patriotic discourse in the traces, analysis of its causes and ultimately converted into practice; the second stage is the dormant Republican patriotism. From the beginning of Napoleon, the French patriotism deviated from 1789 the traditional, chauvinism to achieve the so-called French glory in the morass, and in the wake of the restoration, the July monarchy and the rule of the Second Reich To lose the right to speak; the third stage is the rise of patriotism. The Franco Prussian War is an important opportunity for the rise of the Republican patriotism, after experiencing a secular education and traditional invention and game with various domestic trend in increasing, and embarked in 1914. Although in the two World War, Republic of patriotism after repeated several times, but the love of the French Republic has become a part of life; the fourth stage is the development of modern patriotism. At the end of a short transition of Vehid government and the provisional government of the Republic of China was established, fourth. Although the Fourth Republic failed to endure, but Republican patriotism has not interrupted and it continued in the Fifth Republic, and the occurrence of the important transformation in quietly: the transition from the original stress response as a reflective response to. Say, modern French Republican patriotism has no war surging, but as a drizzle, softly. In the future, it will be more diverse attitude, feelings and cultural open elegance meet brought by globalization and European integration challenges.
The conclusion part review and Reflection on the French patriotism. Think it has the natural, cultural, local, five characteristics of separation and the Republic of France; and patriotic discourse system, the formation of elements of French patriotism, French heritage of rethinking the problems of patriotism, and historical limitations of the French patriotism is analyzed; secondly, to France for reference, to explore China's patriotism should be made in the new historical period. The author thinks that the response to standing at a new historical starting point of patriotism should keep pace with the times, should run through the national education, should use the Internet to support and should be used the integration of all ethnic groups; finally, the shortcomings of research on French patriotism and future research directions are briefly discussed.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：武漢大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號(hào)】：D756.5

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