本文關鍵詞： 正義與發(fā)展黨 土耳其 庫爾德問題 庫爾德工人黨　出處：《新疆大學》2017年碩士論文　論文類型：學位論文

【摘要】：自2002年起,正義與發(fā)展黨(以下簡稱正發(fā)黨)上臺執(zhí)政,在針對庫爾德民族時采取了與往屆政府不同的政策方針,一方面因為庫爾德活動方式上出現變動,另一方面因為地區(qū)地緣政治態(tài)勢也有所改變。敘利亞危機爆發(fā)后,庫爾德獨立運動再次興起,成為攪動中東地緣政治博弈的重要變量。土耳其政府開始正視庫爾德問題,轉推改革,收攏民心。但隨著選舉策略的變化和對庫爾德武裝力量增強忌憚等原因,土耳其政府再次逐步調整政策,打壓分離主義。土耳其正發(fā)黨的庫爾德政策有著明顯的起伏,可以分為三個階段。第一階段是拉攏時期(2002年至2007年),此時正發(fā)黨為了爭取庫爾德選民,主動承認存在庫爾德問題,表現出解決庫爾德問題的意愿,贏得了庫爾德民眾的歡迎。第二階段是懷柔政策時期(2008年至2014年),土耳其在正發(fā)黨和埃爾多安的領導下發(fā)展勢頭良好,為庫爾德問題的整治和解決提供了優(yōu)質內部和外部環(huán)境。與此同時,正發(fā)黨提出庫爾德倡議和和平進程,旨在提振經濟和結束沖突。但由于國內阻力較大,地區(qū)形勢不斷惡化,加之2015年6月議會選舉中庫爾德政黨首次進入議會,正發(fā)黨開始調整庫爾德政策,進入第三階段。第三階段是高壓政策時期(2015年至今),懷柔政策的失敗、國內安全形勢的惡化和庫爾德實力的增強,令正發(fā)黨決心調整庫爾德政策。土耳其政府對庫爾德工人黨再次展開嚴厲的暴力打壓,雙方沖突愈演愈烈,庫爾德問題再度惡化。正發(fā)黨的庫爾德政策逐步調整,但仍沒有取得應有的效果,反而邁向下坡路。從國內來看,正發(fā)黨、反對派和軍方對庫爾德問題存在分歧,難以擬合。庫爾德工人黨等庫爾德分離運動組織不斷在國內制造暴恐事件,給和平解決庫爾德問題制造障礙。從地區(qū)環(huán)境來看,伊拉克敘利亞庫爾德人的自治之路給土耳其庫爾德人帶來示范效應。同時“伊斯蘭國”的崛起使得美國不得不依賴庫爾德武裝打擊恐怖主義,增大了正發(fā)黨打擊庫爾德分離主義的難度�？傮w看,正發(fā)黨執(zhí)政時期的庫爾德政策較歷屆政府取得新的民主化進展,但是庫爾德問題并未解決,并且令其外交轉型陷入困境,國內安全局勢不斷惡化。目前,土耳其庫爾德問題仍未回歸正常解決的軌道,正發(fā)黨政府應該立足現實,以更加平等包容的姿態(tài),在承認差別的前提下謀求共同協(xié)調發(fā)展。
[Abstract]:Since 2002 the Justice and Development Party (AKP) has been in power and has adopted a different policy approach towards the Kurdish nation than previous governments. On the one hand because of changes in the way Kurdish activities, on the other hand because of the regional geopolitical situation also changed. After the outbreak of the Syrian crisis, the Kurdish independence movement rose again. The Turkish government has begun to face the Kurdish issue, push for reform, and win the people's support. But with the change of election strategy and the increase of fear of Kurdish armed forces, the Turkish government has begun to face the Kurdish issue. The Turkish government has again gradually adjusted its policy to suppress separatism. The Kurdish policy of the AK has been marked by ups and downs. The first phase was the period of courtship (2002 to 2007) when AK took the initiative to acknowledge the existence of the Kurdish problem in order to win over Kurdish voters. The willingness to resolve the Kurdish problem was welcomed by the Kurdish population. The second phase was the period of the Huairou policy (2008 to 2014). Turkey, under the leadership of AKP and Erdogan, has developed well, providing a good internal and external environment for the resolution of the Kurdish issue. At the same time, AKP has launched the Kurdish initiative and the peace process. The aim is to boost the economy and end the conflict. However, the situation in the region is deteriorating due to strong domestic resistance, and the Kurdish political parties entered Parliament for the first time in the parliamentary elections on June 2015, and AKP has begun to adjust its Kurdish policy. The third stage is the period of high pressure (2015 to the present, the failure of Huairou policy, the deterioration of the domestic security situation and the enhancement of Kurdish power). AKP is determined to adjust its Kurdish policy. The Turkish government is again cracking down on the PKK and the conflict between the two sides has intensified. The Kurdish problem has worsened again. The Kurdish policy of the AKP has been gradually adjusted, but it has not yet achieved the desired results, but instead it is headed downhill. From the domestic point of view, the AKP. Opposition and military divisions over the Kurdish issue are difficult to match. Kurdish separatist groups such as the PKK continue to unleash violence in the country. To create obstacles to a peaceful settlement of the Kurdish problem. The path of Iraqi and Syrian Kurds to autonomy has had a model effect for Turkish Kurds, and the rise of the Islamic State has forced the United States to rely on Kurdish forces to fight terrorism. It has made it more difficult for AKP to fight Kurdish separatism. Generally speaking, the Kurdistan policy under AKP has made new progress in democratization compared with previous governments, but the Kurdish issue has not been resolved. At present, the Kurdish issue in Turkey is still not on the track of a normal solution, and the AKP government should base itself on reality and adopt a more equal and inclusive attitude. Seek common and harmonious development on the premise of recognizing differences.
【學位授予單位】：新疆大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：D737.4

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