本文關(guān)鍵詞： 贊比亞 政治發(fā)展 族群沖突 社會分化 西方干預(yù)　出處：《云南大學》2010年博士論文　論文類型：學位論文

【摘要】： 絕大部分非洲國家于二十世紀六、七十年代通過民族運動取得獨立,在接下來短短的幾十年內(nèi),又都經(jīng)歷了十分相似的政治發(fā)展變遷歷程。雖然取得了國家的獨立,但是由于自然條件、歷史原因的限制,至今仍然飽受災(zāi)害、貧窮、戰(zhàn)爭的困擾。西方發(fā)達國家始終把非洲當做試驗田,當做實力較量的平臺,強行把各自的經(jīng)驗、模式、意識形態(tài)等嫁接到各個國家,因此非洲一直以來都是國際社會關(guān)注的焦點。在非洲國家當中,位于南部非洲的內(nèi)陸國家贊比亞,在1964年取得獨立,之后經(jīng)歷多黨到一黨,又恢復(fù)多黨的政體變遷,在非洲國家中十分具有代表性。同時贊比亞在其發(fā)展變遷的各個階段,都沒有發(fā)生戰(zhàn)亂,而是通過和平選舉、改革憲政的方式得以實現(xiàn),又很具獨特性。 筆者對于贊比亞這種既具普遍代表性,又有自己明確特點的經(jīng)濟、政治發(fā)展歷程抱有相當?shù)呐d趣。對于贊比亞所經(jīng)歷的政治體制變遷,幾乎所有西方學者和非洲學者的觀點都驚人一致:多黨制的正確性和先進性是絕對的,多黨制對于贊比亞的發(fā)展起到了巨大的推動作用,爾后卡翁達政權(quán)所建立的一黨制是開歷史的倒車,1991年一黨制的崩潰,多黨制的恢復(fù),則標志著贊比亞政治發(fā)展重新回歸正確軌道。通過對眾多關(guān)于贊比亞歷史和政治文獻的剱集、研讀,筆者個人則認為這種觀點不夠客觀,有失偏頗,有明顯的局限性。本文試圖通過梳理贊比亞從被殖民至本世紀初的歷史,從經(jīng)濟變遷、政黨發(fā)展、族群問題、西方國家的干預(yù)這幾個影響贊比亞政治發(fā)展的方面,探尋其政治發(fā)展的脈絡(luò),證明贊比亞政治進程的合理性與必然性。
[Abstract]:The vast majority of African countries gained independence through national movements on 20th century and 70s, and within the next few decades. Although they have achieved national independence, they are still suffering from disasters and poverty because of natural conditions and historical constraints. Western developed countries have always used Africa as a testing ground, as a platform for strength contest, and forced their own experiences, models, ideology and so on to be grafted to each country. So Africa has always been the focus of international attention. Among African countries, landlocked Zambia in southern Africa, which gained independence in 1964, has experienced a multiparty transition. The resumption of multiparty political change is very representative of African countries, and Zambia has not experienced war at all stages of its evolution, but through peaceful elections. The way of reforming constitutionalism has been realized, and it is very unique. The author is interested in the process of economic and political development of Zambia, which is both universal representative and has its own specific characteristics, and has a considerable interest in the political system changes experienced by Zambia. Almost all Western scholars and African scholars agree surprisingly: the correctness and advanced nature of the multiparty system is absolute, and the multiparty system has played a great role in promoting the development of Zambia. Later, the one-party system established by the Kaunda regime was the reverse of history, the collapse of the one-party system in 1991, and the restoration of the multi-party system. It marks the return of the political development of Zambia to the correct track. Through the collection of many historical and political documents on Zambia, the author personally thinks that this view is not objective enough and biased. This paper attempts to comb Zambia's history from colonization to the beginning of this century, from economic changes, political party development, ethnic group issues. The influence of the western countries on the political development of Zambia is to explore the context of its political development and to prove the rationality and inevitability of the political process of Zambia.
【學位授予單位】：云南大學
【學位級別】：博士
【學位授予年份】：2010
【分類號】：D74

【引證文獻】

相關(guān)碩士學位論文 前1條

1 張華平;贊比亞共和國大學法的變遷研究[D];浙江師范大學;2011年

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本文編號：1448722