本文關(guān)鍵詞：成就與危機(jī)：英國(guó)福利制度的演變　出處：《四川大學(xué)》2002年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

  更多相關(guān)文章： 成就 危機(jī) 英國(guó) 福利 制度 演變

【摘要】： 福利國(guó)家是二十世紀(jì)資本主義發(fā)展過(guò)程中出現(xiàn)的一種特殊現(xiàn)象，對(duì)它的起因、發(fā)展與成敗進(jìn)行研究有助于我們更深刻地認(rèn)識(shí)資本主義。今年(二○○二年)適逢貝弗里奇報(bào)告發(fā)表六十周年。在英國(guó)乃至整個(gè)西方世界的福利思想發(fā)展史上，貝弗里奇報(bào)告都堪稱一個(gè)里程碑。它為二戰(zhàn)后的英國(guó)勾勒了一幅較為完整的現(xiàn)代福利國(guó)家的藍(lán)圖，其影響遍及全世界。筆者認(rèn)為，對(duì)英國(guó)福利制度加以研究，對(duì)于我國(guó)現(xiàn)今正在進(jìn)行的社會(huì)保障制度的改革具有一定的借鑒作用。本文從考察英國(guó)“福利國(guó)家”的演變歷史入手，旨在剖析它的興衰成因，并給出較為客觀的評(píng)價(jià)。 福利國(guó)家的出現(xiàn)是二十世紀(jì)西方發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家所發(fā)生的大事之一。福利政策的變化，與一個(gè)國(guó)家的政治、經(jīng)濟(jì)、社會(huì)文化等諸多因素相關(guān)聯(lián)。英國(guó)于一九四八年建立了世界上第一個(gè)福利國(guó)家，這是在當(dāng)時(shí)特定歷史背景下的必然趨勢(shì)，是英國(guó)從傳統(tǒng)農(nóng)業(yè)向現(xiàn)代化工業(yè)社會(huì)轉(zhuǎn)型過(guò)程中的必然產(chǎn)物。福利國(guó)家的兩項(xiàng)原則是普遍性和全面性，即無(wú)論地域、收入，每個(gè)公民均應(yīng)被保障不因失業(yè)、疾病、年老等原因而導(dǎo)致生活陷入最低標(biāo)準(zhǔn)以下。福利國(guó)家在一定程度上縮小了社會(huì)各階層的收入差距，保障了廣大勞動(dòng)人民的基本生活條件，具有進(jìn)步的一面，但其根本目的是調(diào)和階級(jí)矛盾，維護(hù)資本主義制度的穩(wěn)定。 從二十世紀(jì)五十年代至七十年代初，在經(jīng)濟(jì)持續(xù)增長(zhǎng)和“共識(shí)政治” 的基礎(chǔ)上，英國(guó)的福利國(guó)家建設(shè)進(jìn)入了快速發(fā)展的黃金時(shí)代。但是，從七 十年代中期開(kāi)始，在經(jīng)濟(jì)危機(jī)的打擊下，福利支出R益成為國(guó)家財(cái)政的沉 重負(fù)擔(dān)，并造成諸多危機(jī)，福利國(guó)家陷入了困境。撒切爾夫人上臺(tái)后主張 福利計(jì)劃的私人化和市場(chǎng)化，改普遍性原則為有選擇性原則，大幅度削減 福利開(kāi)支，造成社會(huì)貧富加劇分化的嚴(yán)重后果。九十年代至今，布萊爾政 府試圖走“第三條道路”，在國(guó)家干預(yù)與自由市場(chǎng)之間尋求平衡，實(shí)現(xiàn)福利 多元化。改革取得了一定成效，但仍未從根本上扭轉(zhuǎn)困境。 以馬克思主義的觀點(diǎn)來(lái)分析，福利國(guó)家的建立和發(fā)展盡管在一定程度 上縮小了貧富差距，但是究其根本目的，是在不改變資本主義本質(zhì)的前提 下緩和階級(jí)矛盾。無(wú)論是工黨或保守黨執(zhí)政，其改革都是在資本主義制度 框架內(nèi)進(jìn)行的。自由市場(chǎng)經(jīng)濟(jì)雖然得到一定程度的修正，但是資本主義仍 然是占主導(dǎo)地位的經(jīng)濟(jì)運(yùn)作方式，其自身固有的基本矛盾不可能得到根本 解決。所以，福利國(guó)家不可能在市場(chǎng)效率與社會(huì)正義之間維持真正的平衡， 其危機(jī)也因此無(wú)法真正消除。 本篇論文共分五章。第一章是全文的基礎(chǔ)，概要介紹了有關(guān)福利國(guó)家 的基本理論。第二章追溯了英國(guó)的福利思想發(fā)展史及福利制度的建立過(guò)程， 并對(duì)其本質(zhì)加以了界定。第三章考察了“共識(shí)政治”的形成與解體對(duì)福利 國(guó)家的影響，并對(duì)福利危機(jī)的成因加以剖析。第四章論述了撒切爾主義對(duì) 。福利國(guó)家的挑戰(zhàn)以及由此產(chǎn)生的結(jié)構(gòu)性調(diào)整。末章是對(duì)英國(guó)福利制度的現(xiàn) 狀和前景的討論，并再次明確了福利國(guó)家的本質(zhì)特點(diǎn)。
[Abstract]:The welfare state is a special phenomenon during the course of the development of capitalism in the twentieth Century, the cause of it, the development and success of research can help us have a deeper understanding of capitalism. This year (two hours, two years) as Beveridge published 60th anniversary. In the UK and the world welfare thought history, the Beveridge report is a milepost. It outlines a relatively complete modern welfare state blueprint for Britain after World War II and its influence throughout the world. The author believes that the study of the British welfare system, has a certain reference for the ongoing reform of our social security system. This paper examines the historical evolution the British "welfare state" to start, it aims to analyze the reasons of the rise and decline, and present an objective assessment.
The emergence of the welfare state is one of the events occurred on twentieth Century in western developed countries. The change of welfare policy, economy and a country's political, social, cultural and other related factors. The British established the world's first welfare state in 1948, this is the inevitable trend in the specific historical background when is inevitable product of the transformation from traditional agricultural society to a modern industrial process. The two principles of the welfare state is universal and comprehensive, namely, regardless of geography, income, every citizen should be guaranteed not because of unemployment, disease, and other reasons caused the old life into the following minimum standards. Welfare countries in all sectors of society the income gap to a certain extent, protect the basic living conditions of the masses, is progress, but its fundamental purpose is to reconcile the contradictions, maintain the capitalist system Stable.
From 1950s to early 70s, sustained economic growth and "consensus politics"
On the basis of this, the construction of welfare state in Britain has entered the golden age of rapid development. However, from seven
At the beginning of the middle of ten, the benefits of welfare R have become the national financial sinks under the shock of the economic crisis.
A heavy burden, and a lot of crisis, the welfare state is in trouble. After Mrs. Thatcher came to power, he argued
The privatization and marketization of the welfare program, the principle of universality is selective, and a substantial reduction
The serious consequences of the polarization of social poverty caused by welfare expenditure. Since 90s, Blair
The government tries to take the "Third Road", seeking a balance between state intervention and free market to achieve welfare
The reform has made some achievements, but it has not fundamentally reversed the predicament.
From the point of view of Marx's doctrine, the establishment and development of the welfare state, though to a certain extent, is to a certain extent
The gap between the rich and the poor is narrowed, but the fundamental purpose of the gap is the premise that the essence of capitalism is not changed.
Lower class contradictions. Whether the labour party or the conservative party is in power, its reform is in the capitalist system
Within the framework, the free market economy has been amended to a certain extent, but capitalism remains
But it is the dominant mode of economic operation, and its inherent basic contradictions are impossible to get to the root.
Therefore, it is impossible for the welfare state to maintain a real balance between market efficiency and social justice,
Its crisis can not be truly eliminated.
This paper is divided into five chapters. The first chapter is the foundation of the full text, and a summary of the relevant welfare states.
The second chapter traces back to the history of the development of the welfare thought and the establishment of the welfare system in Britain.
And its essence is defined. The third chapter examines the formation and disintegration of "consensus politics" on welfare.
The influence of the state and the causes of the welfare crisis are analyzed. The fourth chapter discusses the Thatcher doctrine.
The challenges of the welfare state and the consequent structural adjustment. The last chapter is the current of the British welfare system.
The discussion of the shape and the prospect, and again clarifies the nature of the welfare state.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：四川大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2002
【分類號(hào)】：D756.1

【引證文獻(xiàn)】

相關(guān)碩士學(xué)位論文 前1條

1 莊園;《貝弗里奇報(bào)告》與英國(guó)福利國(guó)家的建設(shè)[D];山東大學(xué);2009年

，

本文編號(hào)：1389443