本文關(guān)鍵詞：明治維新以來日本思想道德教育右傾化路徑分析　出處：《武漢理工大學(xué)》2014年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

  更多相關(guān)文章： 明治維新 日本思想道德教育 民族主義 軍國主義

【摘要】：明治維新后，日本開啟了現(xiàn)代化之門，為了實(shí)現(xiàn)富國強(qiáng)兵的目標(biāo)，政府深感：首先必須在人才的培養(yǎng)和學(xué)校教育上進(jìn)行改革。在當(dāng)時(shí)政府要人伊藤博文的主張下，儒學(xué)在思想道德教育上的指導(dǎo)地位開始逐漸被德國的國家主義取代。而這種國家主義教育政策被認(rèn)為是日本天皇制現(xiàn)代教育制度的定性。不久，思想道德教育便淪為宣揚(yáng)傳統(tǒng)民族主義的工具，并被納入為其增強(qiáng)國力和侵略戰(zhàn)爭服務(wù)的軌道。到了大正時(shí)期，軍國主義教育體制正式確立了，它不僅給亞洲各國帶來了嚴(yán)重的傷害，也使日本的思想道德教育在二戰(zhàn)后徹底崩潰。 第二次世界大戰(zhàn)后，在占領(lǐng)軍的主持下，日本進(jìn)行了民主化教育體制改革，民主化教育體制改革客觀上存在不少問題，總體上建立起了比較完善的教育法制體系，對(duì)日本思想道德教育的發(fā)展起到了推動(dòng)作用。教育制度上官方的民主主義改革與法律方面的民主主義化雖然能夠開展得比較迅速，但最本質(zhì)的日本國民的民主主義意識(shí)卻未能前進(jìn)壯大，特別是1947年后，美國明確地提出了以遏制共產(chǎn)主義為目標(biāo)的杜魯門主義，蘇美關(guān)系緊張，中國作為大國也是共產(chǎn)主義，故美國想通過日本遏制中國。這對(duì)清算日本戰(zhàn)爭責(zé)任顯然產(chǎn)生了非常消極的影響，以至于后來極端民族主義死灰復(fù)燃，日本思想道德教育也就沒能成功地走出民族主義的陰影。 進(jìn)入經(jīng)濟(jì)高速發(fā)展期的日本，及時(shí)調(diào)整了思想道德教育方向，，將重心放在道德素養(yǎng)、能力與綜合素質(zhì)方面，目的是造就能夠活躍在國際舞臺(tái)上的日本人，為新世紀(jì)培養(yǎng)合格人才。但90年代后的泡沫經(jīng)濟(jì)使日本陷入戰(zhàn)后最長的經(jīng)濟(jì)蕭條中。由于長期持續(xù)的經(jīng)濟(jì)低增長，人們對(duì)經(jīng)濟(jì)前景的憂慮不斷，社會(huì)問題越來越多，政府則不惜混淆視聽，為凝聚民族的向心力和轉(zhuǎn)移人民的注意力，提出了一系列貌似煽動(dòng)人心實(shí)則危害亞太地區(qū)和平的錯(cuò)誤主張。偏頗的思想道德教育導(dǎo)致日本一部分國民不了解日本侵略史，也沒能清楚地意識(shí)到自己受到的是統(tǒng)治階級(jí)的思想蒙蔽，無法對(duì)近年來愈演愈烈的右傾化做出客觀判斷，甚至盲目支持。在這種背景下，新民族主義趁機(jī)拉攏人心，利用當(dāng)代日本國民的迷惑，想要大和民族的利益在全球化的進(jìn)程中最大化，然而實(shí)際上卻使日本陷入更深的困局，在現(xiàn)代化的路途上漸漸迷失。
[Abstract]:After the Meiji Restoration, Japan opened the door of modernization, in order to achieve fuguoqiangbing target, the government must first deeply: the reform in personnel training and school education. At that time the government should advocate Itou Hirofumi, Confucianism in the guidance of Ideological and moral education of the German nationalism gradually began to be replaced. "This is considered to be the national education policy system of modern education qualitative Mikado of Japan. Soon, the ideological and moral education will be promoting the traditional nationalism tool, and is included in its national strength and aggression service track. To Taisho, militaristic education system was formally established, it not only to other Asian countries brought serious damage, also make the ideological and moral education of Japan's collapse after World War II.
After the Second World War, the Japanese occupation forces under the auspices of the reform of system of democratic education, democratic education reform has many problems objectively, generally established a relatively perfect legal system of education, the development of Ideological and moral education in Japan has played a role in promoting education reform and democratic system. The official Democratic law although can develop very rapidly, but the nature of the Japanese national democratic consciousness has failed to advance growth, especially after 1947, the United States explicitly proposed to contain communism as the goal of the Truman doctrine, the tension of us Soviet relations, Chinese as country and communism, so the United States to contain China by Japan. The liquidation of Japan's war responsibility obviously have had a very negative impact, so that extreme nationalism in Japan, a stirring among the dry bones. Moral education can not succeed in getting out of the shadow of nationalism.
Enter a period of rapid economic growth in Japan, timely adjustment of the direction of Ideological and moral education, focusing on moral quality, ability and comprehensive quality. The purpose is to make active in the international arena Japanese, cultivating qualified talents for the new century. But in 90s after the bubble economy make Japan into the longest post-war recession due to the long-term sustained low economic growth, concerns about economic prospects, more and more social problems, the government is willing to confuse the public, national cohesion and centripetal force of the transfer of people's attention, put forward a series of wrong idea seems sensational actually harm the peace in the Asia Pacific region. The ideological and moral education in Japan as part of a biased people do not understand the history of Japanese aggression, are not clearly aware of their subject is the ideology of the ruling class have intensified in recent years to the right In turn to make objective judgment, even blindly support. In this context, the new nationalism took the opportunity to draw the hearts of the people, by contemporary Japanese citizens want to confuse, Yamato the interests in the process of globalization, but actually make Japan into a deeper predicament in the modern way gradually lost.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：武漢理工大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號(hào)】：D731.3

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