發(fā)布時(shí)間：2019-05-24 22:12

【摘要】：自60年代以來(lái)，芝加哥學(xué)派以科斯、波斯納為代表的經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)家將法學(xué)的研究納入經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)的視角，以經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)的理性分析為法學(xué)領(lǐng)域提供了新的思路，從此經(jīng)濟(jì)分析法學(xué)領(lǐng)域不斷發(fā)展壯大，法經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)逐漸形成了完整的理論體系。這其中也包括對(duì)犯罪的研究。前輩學(xué)者們從經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)角度對(duì)犯罪的根源、犯罪的決策、犯罪的制裁等等，進(jìn)行了新穎、深入的討論。 本文所研究的食品安全犯罪問(wèn)題正是從經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)角度對(duì)犯罪問(wèn)題進(jìn)行討論的一個(gè)延續(xù)。筆者針對(duì)近幾年層出不窮的食品安全犯罪，從對(duì)其經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)的本質(zhì)討論入手，圍繞食品安全犯罪問(wèn)題的成因、懲罰、威懾進(jìn)行了經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)分析，并在從成本-收益分析及博弈分析和行為經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)等角度提出了相應(yīng)的對(duì)策建議。 全文分三個(gè)部分。第一部分為緒論；第二部分是正文，包括第一章至第四章的內(nèi)容；最后一部分是結(jié)束語(yǔ)。 緒論部分首先介紹了本文的研究背景，20世紀(jì)90年代至今，隨著食品產(chǎn)業(yè)的繁榮，食品領(lǐng)域的安全問(wèn)題逐漸凸顯，且屢禁不止，本文立足于經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)視角探究這一問(wèn)題的解決之道。文中對(duì)國(guó)內(nèi)外有關(guān)食品安全和食品安全犯罪兩方面的研究文獻(xiàn)進(jìn)行了綜述分析，大致梳理了學(xué)界對(duì)這個(gè)問(wèn)題的研究已取得的成果和不足。本文是基于經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)的視角對(duì)食品安全犯罪這一法律問(wèn)題展開(kāi)經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)式的探討，主要采用規(guī)范分析的方法，以經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)的理論為標(biāo)尺，以食品安全犯罪及其威懾為考察對(duì)象，進(jìn)行衡量、分析，從而對(duì)食品安全犯罪的預(yù)防和最優(yōu)制裁提出可能的建議和對(duì)策。所應(yīng)用的經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)理論主要有：成本收益理論、博弈論、行為經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)的相關(guān)理論。 第二部分的正文對(duì)食品安全犯罪進(jìn)行了全面分析。第一章對(duì)食品安全犯罪做了概述。食品安全犯罪是指違反我國(guó)法律規(guī)定，通過(guò)造假、摻雜等非法手段，生產(chǎn)、使用、銷(xiāo)售有毒有害和假冒偽劣的初級(jí)農(nóng)產(chǎn)品和各種加工食品、食品添加劑，存在對(duì)人體健康造成潛在或事實(shí)危害的犯罪行為。接著，通過(guò)一張中國(guó)食品安全問(wèn)題形式圖介紹了當(dāng)前我國(guó)食品安全犯罪現(xiàn)狀，并指出當(dāng)前食品安全犯罪的特征：犯罪區(qū)域廣、密度大，犯罪手段多樣復(fù)雜，以及犯罪事故持續(xù)且易反復(fù)。文中還介紹了我國(guó)目前在行政和法律、法規(guī)兩方面規(guī)制食品安全的有關(guān)制度安排。 第二章從經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)視角分析了食品安全犯罪的本質(zhì)，食品安全犯罪是一種尋租行為，，其性質(zhì)類(lèi)似于企業(yè)通過(guò)特權(quán)或壟斷優(yōu)勢(shì)尋求“租金”的活動(dòng)，從這個(gè)意義上來(lái)說(shuō)，食品安全犯罪可被視為一種超越正常市場(chǎng)的尋租行為。食品安全犯罪是一種強(qiáng)制性的產(chǎn)權(quán)轉(zhuǎn)讓，因?yàn)槭称钒踩缸镎欠缸镎呃米约旱男畔?yōu)勢(shì)生產(chǎn)、銷(xiāo)售有毒有害食品給不知情的其他商家直至消費(fèi)者，規(guī)避了正常的交易市場(chǎng)，從消費(fèi)者那里直接或間接掠取了超額利潤(rùn)。食品安全犯罪是一種對(duì)未來(lái)效用的貼現(xiàn)，犯罪者以其正常經(jīng)營(yíng)下能取得的持續(xù)報(bào)酬和商譽(yù)為對(duì)價(jià)，非法添加或生產(chǎn)有毒有害食品，以獲取超越正常交易所能獲取的利潤(rùn)的這一過(guò)程就是其將未來(lái)效用貼現(xiàn)的過(guò)程。文中還分析了食品安全犯罪的原因以及與其他學(xué)科對(duì)犯罪原因分析的對(duì)比，指出食品安全犯罪的經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)原因是犯罪的收益大于成本。 第三章對(duì)食品安全犯罪及懲罰進(jìn)行經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)分析，通過(guò)補(bǔ)償效用函數(shù)的三種情況說(shuō)明民事補(bǔ)償?shù)挠行浴Ｎ闹羞�指出由于補(bǔ)償難以估測(cè)以及保護(hù)不受侵犯的權(quán)利和威懾犯罪的需要對(duì)食品安全犯罪進(jìn)行刑事制裁是必要的。同時(shí)指出威懾食品安全犯罪還要考慮效率問(wèn)題，威懾的最優(yōu)規(guī)模是當(dāng)制裁食品安全犯罪的邊際成本等于邊際收益時(shí)，同時(shí)威懾的嚴(yán)厲程度在超過(guò)威懾拐點(diǎn)后，效果將變得十分有限。 第四章從經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)的三個(gè)角度，即成本-收益、博弈論、行為經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)，展開(kāi)對(duì)威懾食品安全犯罪的對(duì)策討論。成本—收益角度看，威懾食品安全犯罪要提高犯罪成本，通過(guò)提高民事補(bǔ)償和加大刑罰力度提高食品安全犯罪的絕對(duì)成本，通過(guò)給予食品領(lǐng)域的合法經(jīng)營(yíng)以稅收優(yōu)惠來(lái)提高食品安全犯罪的相對(duì)成本；博弈論角度看，要保持較高的懲罰概率，因?yàn)樵谌讲┺牡哪Ｐ椭�，�?dāng)懲罰概率降到50%以下時(shí)，選擇犯罪將成為唯一的理性策略；行為經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)角度看，人類(lèi)一般都具有樂(lè)觀偏見(jiàn)，認(rèn)為風(fēng)險(xiǎn)更不容易發(fā)生在自己身上，因此應(yīng)通過(guò)有力法律宣傳和道德風(fēng)尚宣傳打破潛在食品安全犯罪者的“樂(lè)觀偏見(jiàn)”。 結(jié)束語(yǔ)部分，再次強(qiáng)調(diào)了當(dāng)前食品安全問(wèn)題的猖獗和解決這一問(wèn)題所需要的系統(tǒng)性的制度安排�？傊沃氐肋h(yuǎn)，希望本文能對(duì)此略作貢獻(xiàn)。
[Abstract]:Since the '60s, the Chicago School has taken the study of the law into the perspective of the economics from the economists represented by Cocos and Posner, and provides a new way of thinking to the field of law in the field of economics, from which the economic analysis of the field of law has been growing, Law economics has gradually formed a complete theoretical system. This also includes a study of the crime. Scholars have made a new and in-depth discussion from the point of view of economics to the origin of crime, the decision of crime, the sanction of crime and so on. The problem of food safety crime in this paper is a continuation of the discussion on the problem of crime from the angle of economics In the light of the food safety crime in recent years, the author starts from the discussion of the nature of its economics, and analyzes the causes, punishment and deterrence of the problem of food safety crime. The corresponding countermeasures are put forward from the aspects of cost-benefit analysis and game analysis and behavioral economics. . The full text is divided into three parts The first part is the introduction; the second part is the text, including the contents of the first chapter and the fourth chapter; the last part is the end The introduction part first introduces the research background of this paper. Since the 1990s, with the prosperity of the food industry, the security problems in the food field are becoming more and more prominent. The paper makes a review and analysis of the two aspects of food safety and food safety crime both at home and abroad, and then makes a general analysis of the achievements and achievements of the research on this problem in the academic field. The article is based on the perspective of economics to study the legal problem of food safety crime, mainly adopting the method of normative analysis, taking the theory of economics as a scale, taking food safety crime and its deterrence as the object of investigation, and measuring, Analysis of possible recommendations for prevention and optimal sanctions for food safety offences and The economics theories applied are: cost-benefit theory, game theory and behavioral economics. In the second part, the text of the second part has made a total of the food safety crime. Face analysis. The first chapter is to do the food safety crime. An overview is given. The food safety crime refers to the production, use, sale of toxic and harmful and fake and low-quality primary agricultural products and various processed foods and food additives through the illegal means such as fraud, doping and the like in violation of the laws of our country. The food safety crime is the crime of potential or fact-related harm to the health of the human body. Then, through a form of food safety in China, the present situation of food safety crime in China is introduced, and the characteristics of the current food safety crime are pointed out: the crime area is wide, the density is large, the crime means are various and complex, and the crime accident is continuous and This paper also introduces the related system of the regulation of food safety in the two aspects of administration and law and regulation in our country. The second chapter analyzes the essence of food safety crime from the perspective of economics. The food safety crime is a kind of rent-seeking behavior, which is similar to that of the enterprise seeking the "rent" through the advantage of privilege or monopoly. For example, food safety crime can be seen as a way to go beyond the normal market The food safety crime is a compulsory property transfer, because the food safety crime is that the offender uses its own information superiority to produce, sell the toxic and harmful food to other merchants without the knowledge, until the consumer, circumvents the normal The market, directly or indirectly, from the consumer. An excess of profit. A food safety crime is a discount for future utility, and the offender's continued and commercial consideration under its normal operation, the illegal addition or production of toxic substances The process of obtaining profits that go beyond the normal exchange is the process of applying the future utility The paper also analyzes the causes of the food safety crime and the comparison of the other subjects to the analysis of the crime, and points out that the economic reason of the food safety crime is the proceeds of the crime. The third chapter carries on the economic analysis of the food safety crime and the punishment, and explains the civil compensation by the three conditions of the compensation utility function The effectiveness of the compensation is also stated. It also points out that the need to make a criminal system for food safety crime due to the difficulty in estimating and protecting the rights to be inviolable and the need to deter crime It is necessary to cut it out. It also points out that deterrence food safety crime should also take into account the efficiency problem. The optimal scale of deterrence is that when the marginal cost of the sanction food safety crime is equal to the marginal income, the severity of the deterrence will change after the deterrent inflection point is exceeded. The fourth chapter is from the three aspects of economics, namely, cost-income, game theory, behavioral economics, and the development of the deterrent food safety. In view of the cost and profit, it is necessary to improve the cost of the crime, improve the absolute cost of the food safety crime by improving the civil compensation and increasing the penalty, and improve the food safety by giving the legal operation in the food field to the tax benefit. The relative cost of the crime is to keep the higher penalty probability from the game theory, because in the three-way game model, when the penalty probability falls below 50%, the choice of the crime will become the only rational strategy; in the view of the behavioral economics, the human generally There is an optimistic bias that the risk is less likely to take place on the part of itself, so it is necessary to promote the breaking of the "time-risk bias" of the potential food safety-offender by means of a strong legal advocacy and a moral fashion. . The end-language section again highlights the current problem of food safety and the system needed to address the problem General system arrangement. In short, there is a long way to go. I hope this article
【學(xué)位授予單位】：吉林大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2012
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：D917;F203

【引證文獻(xiàn)】

相關(guān)碩士學(xué)位論文 前1條

1 劉凱;我國(guó)食品安全的法律保障機(jī)制研究[D];西南交通大學(xué);2012年

本文編號(hào)：2485229