【摘要】： 保護(hù)傘是否是黑社會(huì)性質(zhì)組織的必備要件的問(wèn)題，在司法界和理論界仍然存在爭(zhēng)議。文章通過(guò)對(duì)國(guó)內(nèi)外有組織犯罪集團(tuán)概念的分析綜合，比較黑社會(huì)(性質(zhì))組織與其他犯罪集團(tuán)的異同，認(rèn)為在一定的區(qū)域或行業(yè)實(shí)現(xiàn)非法控制是黑社會(huì)(性質(zhì))組織的核心特征。只有這一個(gè)特征才對(duì)是否成為黑社會(huì)性質(zhì)組織起著決定性的作用，犯罪亞文化、組織的嚴(yán)密性、勢(shì)力范圍、經(jīng)濟(jì)實(shí)力都只是這個(gè)核心特征的具體表現(xiàn)。是否有保護(hù)傘并不能凸現(xiàn)黑社會(huì)(性質(zhì))組織的本質(zhì)，勢(shì)力強(qiáng)大的黑社會(huì)(性質(zhì))組織不需要保護(hù)傘也可以在與基層政權(quán)的對(duì)抗中占據(jù)優(yōu)勢(shì)，因此它不是黑社會(huì)(性質(zhì))組織必須具備的。但是腐敗是保護(hù)傘產(chǎn)生的溫床，因此保護(hù)傘仍然是一個(gè)值得我們重視的問(wèn)題。黑社會(huì)(性質(zhì))組織的非法控制包括內(nèi)部控制和外部控制兩個(gè)方面。一方面不良亞文化是黑社會(huì)(性質(zhì))組織內(nèi)部控制的紐帶，，暴力不僅是外部控制也是內(nèi)部控制的主要手段。另一方面，黑社會(huì)(性質(zhì))組織的外部控制包括建立勢(shì)力范圍，實(shí)現(xiàn)對(duì)經(jīng)濟(jì)的控制。同時(shí)，政權(quán)的滲透是大部分黑社會(huì)(性質(zhì))組織實(shí)現(xiàn)非法控制所需要的，因此也有探討的必要。文章結(jié)合國(guó)外的典型案例，剖析了我國(guó)黑社會(huì)(性質(zhì))組織的內(nèi)部控制和外部控制諸要素的形成原因和表現(xiàn)。
[Abstract]:Whether umbrella is a necessary element of underworld organization is still controversial in judicial and theoretical circles. Based on the analysis and synthesis of the concept of organized criminal group at home and abroad, this paper compares the similarities and differences between underworld (nature) organization and other criminal groups. It is considered that illegal control in a certain region or industry is the core feature of underworld organizations. Only this characteristic plays a decisive role in whether or not to become a underworld organization. The crime subculture, the rigour of the organization, the sphere of influence and the economic strength are only the concrete manifestations of this core feature. Whether there is an umbrella does not highlight the nature of the underworld (nature) organization, and the powerful underworld (nature) organization does not need an umbrella to occupy an advantage in the confrontation with the grass-roots political power. Therefore, it is not necessary for underworld organizations to have it. However, corruption is the hotbed of umbrella, so umbrella is still a problem worthy of our attention. The illegal control of underworld organizations includes internal control and external control. On the one hand, bad subculture is the link of internal control of underworld organizations, and violence is not only the main means of external control, but also the main means of internal control. On the other hand, the external control of underworld organizations includes the establishment of spheres of influence and the realization of economic control. At the same time, the infiltration of political power is needed by most underworld organizations to achieve illegal control, so it is also necessary to explore. Based on the typical cases abroad, this paper analyzes the causes and manifestations of the internal control and external control of underworld organizations in China.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：湘潭大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2003
【分類號(hào)】：D917

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