【摘要】：據(jù)中國互聯(lián)網(wǎng)絡(luò)信息中心（CNNIC）最新統(tǒng)計(jì)報(bào)告，到2003年年底，我國網(wǎng)民人數(shù)達(dá)到了近八千萬，上網(wǎng)計(jì)算機(jī)達(dá)到三千多萬臺。網(wǎng)絡(luò)的普及，帶來了資訊的便利，也帶來了新的犯罪類型，防治網(wǎng)絡(luò)犯罪，已經(jīng)成為犯罪學(xué)、刑法學(xué)必須面對的課題之一。 治理犯罪的根本途徑是犯罪預(yù)防。而預(yù)防犯罪不僅需要外在的社會控制，更需要人的理性的指引。尤其對網(wǎng)絡(luò)犯罪而言，這一犯罪的主體多是“孤軍作戰(zhàn)”，面對的通常只是網(wǎng)絡(luò)這個(gè)虛擬世界，絕大多數(shù)是深思熟慮的故意的犯罪，心理預(yù)防就成為網(wǎng)絡(luò)犯罪預(yù)防中極為重要的一方面。 本文借鑒犯罪學(xué)、刑法學(xué)、心理學(xué)和計(jì)算機(jī)科學(xué)等學(xué)科的理論和方法，從網(wǎng)絡(luò)犯罪的心理分析入手，論述網(wǎng)絡(luò)犯罪形成的外在條件、內(nèi)在條件及其它條件。從而對癥下藥提出網(wǎng)絡(luò)犯罪的心理預(yù)防措施。 網(wǎng)絡(luò)犯罪心理形成的外在條件包括：第一，立法和執(zhí)法的相對落后及各國司法標(biāo)準(zhǔn)不一，這是網(wǎng)絡(luò)犯罪心理形成的主要外在條件。犯了罪而可能不受處罰——這讓犯罪分子的僥幸心理極度膨脹；對網(wǎng)絡(luò)犯罪的打擊力度不夠也無疑助長了網(wǎng)絡(luò)犯罪人犯罪心理的形成。第二，人們對網(wǎng)絡(luò)犯罪行為的評判。這應(yīng)該是網(wǎng)絡(luò)犯罪所獨(dú)有的特點(diǎn)——犯罪行為居然會受到贊揚(yáng)，這使網(wǎng)絡(luò)犯罪人沒有了罪惡感，甚至混淆了遵紀(jì)守法和犯罪的界限。第三，互聯(lián)網(wǎng)本身的缺陷。網(wǎng)絡(luò)的共享給善良人們方便的同時(shí)，也給破壞分子以機(jī)會。第四，被害人因素，被害人不報(bào)案或者不合作是造成隱案居高不下的主要原因,也使網(wǎng)絡(luò)犯罪人更加囂張。 網(wǎng)絡(luò)犯罪心理形成的內(nèi)在條件包括：第一，缺少罪惡感。第二，強(qiáng)烈的好奇心與表現(xiàn)欲。第三，過于自信、在誘惑面前缺乏抵抗力。第四，不計(jì)后果或?qū)蠊J(rèn)識不足。 在心理分析的基礎(chǔ)上，本文詳細(xì)論述了與網(wǎng)絡(luò)犯罪的心理預(yù)防相關(guān)的措施。由于網(wǎng)絡(luò)犯罪的心理預(yù)防是一個(gè)體系，它不僅包括犯罪個(gè)體的心理 WP=41 塑造，還包括會影響到犯罪心理的環(huán)境、規(guī)章制度等等各個(gè)方面。本文以采取措施的主體分類，分別從犯罪心理的社會預(yù)防、犯罪心理的政府預(yù)防及犯罪心理的個(gè)體預(yù)防三個(gè)方面來加以論述，并以個(gè)體預(yù)防為文章重點(diǎn)。 在網(wǎng)絡(luò)犯罪心理的社會預(yù)防中主要論述了建設(shè)健康的網(wǎng)絡(luò)文化和凈化網(wǎng)絡(luò)環(huán)境兩個(gè)方面的內(nèi)容，由于政府預(yù)防的國家機(jī)器等特征，筆者將其單列在后論述。第一，建設(shè)健康的網(wǎng)絡(luò)文化。我國傳統(tǒng)文化一直提倡整體至上，重義輕利。改革開放和市場經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展促使人們的價(jià)值更新和多元化，市場經(jīng)濟(jì)的體制結(jié)構(gòu)在客觀上傾向于個(gè)性發(fā)展和注重效益的功利觀念。網(wǎng)絡(luò)空間是一種技術(shù)——文化現(xiàn)象，網(wǎng)絡(luò)空間如何發(fā)展、虛擬生活如何進(jìn)行，取決于相關(guān)利益群體的選擇。如果能夠建設(shè)一種健康向上的社會文化，人們上網(wǎng)都能以選擇積極的方式為德行，抵制不健康的甚至侵害他人權(quán)利的行為，那么網(wǎng)絡(luò)犯罪的心理就可以在大文化的熏陶下慢慢向良性發(fā)展。筆者希望能夠引發(fā)普遍的關(guān)注和討論，激發(fā)人們?nèi)ニ伎肌叭绾芜x擇一種更好的虛擬生活”。并為此提出了一些可行性措施。第二，凈化網(wǎng)絡(luò)環(huán)境�？刂埔子谝l(fā)犯罪的外部環(huán)境就是我們預(yù)防和控制犯罪的重要方式和途徑。一位傳媒學(xué)家曾說過，任何技術(shù)都傾向于創(chuàng)造一個(gè)新的人類環(huán)境。網(wǎng)絡(luò)是一種公共資源，又因其虛擬性而更加難以控制。筆者就網(wǎng)絡(luò)環(huán)境的凈化提出兩個(gè)建議措施：加強(qiáng)網(wǎng)站的行業(yè)自律；規(guī)范推廣監(jiān)管技術(shù)。而最根本的是要與主體控制相結(jié)合。 在網(wǎng)絡(luò)犯罪心理的政府預(yù)防中論述了加強(qiáng)行政管理、規(guī)范網(wǎng)絡(luò)經(jīng)濟(jì)約束、提高治安預(yù)防水平和完善法律規(guī)范四個(gè)方面的內(nèi)容。第一，加強(qiáng)行政管理可以有效的遏制犯罪心理的發(fā)生。加強(qiáng)對計(jì)算機(jī)信息的保護(hù)工作、加強(qiáng)信息技術(shù)行業(yè)管理，加強(qiáng)培養(yǎng)與訓(xùn)練司法機(jī)關(guān)中專門與計(jì)算機(jī)犯罪作斗爭的人才是行政管理的主要內(nèi)容。第二，規(guī)范網(wǎng)絡(luò)經(jīng)濟(jì)約束的主要內(nèi)容是建立有效的監(jiān)督機(jī)制。監(jiān)督機(jī)制是保證人力、物力和財(cái)力的合理開發(fā)和有效利用的重要手段，，也是制約經(jīng)濟(jì)活動、減少和防止犯罪的有力武器。行 WP=42 政管理的規(guī)范化，對網(wǎng)絡(luò)經(jīng)濟(jì)約束的加強(qiáng)，可以減少犯罪發(fā)生的條件，從而有效的遏制網(wǎng)絡(luò)犯罪心理的產(chǎn)生。第三，提高治安預(yù)防水平。由于網(wǎng)絡(luò)的高隱蔽性等特點(diǎn)，很多網(wǎng)絡(luò)犯罪人自恃手段高明，以為縱然被發(fā)現(xiàn)是自己做的也難有證據(jù)對其定罪而有恃無恐。提高治安預(yù)防水平，令犯罪分子知道“魔高一尺，道高一丈”、“法網(wǎng)恢恢，疏而不漏”，對受懲罰的恐懼可以減少網(wǎng)絡(luò)犯罪心理的發(fā)生。提高治安預(yù)防水平的措施很多，如建立專門的打擊計(jì)算機(jī)犯罪的組織機(jī)構(gòu)；對在職的法官、檢察官以及律師進(jìn)行輪訓(xùn)及培訓(xùn)；加強(qiáng)國際國內(nèi)的交流合作等。第四，完善法律規(guī)范。完善立法是打擊犯罪的最根本之處，對犯罪分子最有威懾力。筆者經(jīng)過長久的思索并借鑒了一些學(xué)者的理論，在這里提出了一些完善法律的建議：增加單位為計(jì)算機(jī)犯罪的主體；破壞計(jì)算機(jī)信息系統(tǒng)罪中增加過失犯罪；受保護(hù)的計(jì)算機(jī)信息系統(tǒng)范圍應(yīng)當(dāng)有所增加，不僅限于現(xiàn)有刑法規(guī)定的種類；對計(jì)算機(jī)犯罪增加資格刑和罰金刑的刑罰種類，這對懲罰計(jì)算機(jī)犯罪會更顯成效。 個(gè)體預(yù)防是網(wǎng)絡(luò)心理預(yù)防中不可忽視的一個(gè)方面，這是一個(gè)長期建設(shè)的課題，需要在實(shí)踐中不斷摸索以尋求更加有效的方式。這部分論述了倫理、心理、行
[Abstract]:According to the latest statistical report of CNNIC, the number of Internet users in our country has reached nearly 80 million by the end of 2003, with more than 30 million Internet computers. The popularization of network, the convenience of information, the new type of crime and the prevention and control of network crime have become one of the subject of criminology and criminal law. the root of the crime of governance This approach is crime prevention. Crime prevention requires not only external social control, but also The main body of this crime is the "single-military operation", especially in the case of network crime. The main body of this crime is the virtual world of the network, most of it is the deliberate and deliberate crime, and the psychological prevention becomes the network crime prevention This paper, based on the theory and method of criminology, criminal law, psychology and computer science, discusses the network crime from the psychological analysis of the network crime. The external conditions, the internal conditions and other conditions that are formed. The mental and preventive measures of network crime are put forward in this paper. The external conditions of the formation of the network crime include: the first, the relative backward of the legislation and the law enforcement; The standards of the administration of justice are different, which is the main external condition of the formation of the network crime. The blow to the crime is not enough, and it certainly encourages the network The formation of the criminal psychology of the offender. Second, the people's judgment on the criminal act of the network. This should be the characteristic of the network crime. It should be praised, which makes the net The perpetrators have no guilt, but they are very To confounded the boundaries of compliance and crime. Third, the Internet itself is a flaw The sharing of the network gives good people the convenience, and also gives the spoilers the opportunity. Fourth, the victim factor, the victim does not report or does not cooperate It is the main cause of the high hidden case, and also makes the network criminals more clamor Zhang. Network offender The inner conditions of the formation of the crime of the crime include the first, the lack of sin A sense of evil. Second, strong curiosity and desire. Third, overconfidence, lack of resistance in front of the temptations. Fourth, no consequence or knowledge of the consequences. Not enough. On the basis of the psychological analysis, this article is discussed in detail. network-related crime The psychological prevention of network crime is a system, it Not only the psychological WP of the individual of the crime is shaped, but also the environment, the rules and regulations that affect the criminal psychology, etc. On the basis of the main classification of the measures, this paper discusses the three aspects of the prevention of the crime, the prevention of the crime and the individual prevention of the crime, and the individual prevention as the article. Focus on. The key to the social prevention of the network crime psychology is the construction of Jian Jian The contents of the two aspects of the network culture and the purification of the network environment of the government, due to the government's prevention of the national machinery and other features, the author put it in a single column in the post-discussion. First, to build a healthy network The traditional culture of our country has always promoted the whole to the first and the sense of justice and light. The reform and opening-up and the development of the market economy have contributed to the value renewal and the multi-value of the people The system structure of the market economy, which is a kind of technology _ cultural phenomenon, how to develop the cyberspace and how to make the virtual life, depends on the choice of the relevant benefit group. In order to build a healthy and upward social culture, people can choose an active way to act as a virtue line, resist unhealthy and even infringe on the rights of others, so the psychology of the network crime can be in the large text To develop slowly to the benign under the influence of the edification. The people want to be able to trigger the general Pay attention to and discuss, inspire people to think of "How to Choose a Be" Tter Virtual Life ". Some of the feasibility measures. Second, clean the network environment. Control is easy to trigger The external environment of the crime is the important way and way to prevent and control the crime. He has a tendency to create a new human ring The network is a kind of public resource, and it is more difficult to control because of its virtuality. The author puts forward two suggestions on the purification of the network environment: to strengthen the industry self-discipline of the website; The most fundamental is to combine with the control of the subject. This paper discusses the four aspects of strengthening the administrative management, regulating the network economic restriction, improving the level of public order prevention and perfecting the legal norm in the government prevention of the network crime psychology. First, the strengthening of administrative management can effectively contain the occurrence of criminal psychology. Strengthening the protection of computer information, strengthening the management of information technology industry, strengthening the training and training of the personnel specially engaged in the fight against computer crime is the line the government the principal part of management Second, the main content of the regulation of network economic constraint is to establish an effective supervision mechanism. The supervision mechanism is the reasonable guarantee of human, material and financial resources. Important means of development and effective use It is also a powerful weapon that restricts economic activity, reduces and prevents crime. The standardization of the administration and the strengthening of the network economic constraint can reduce the conditions of the crime, so as to effectively restrain the generation of the network crime. "It's a tall one. It's a tall one.", "The net of the law is too lo ng, and it's Leaking. ", the fear of being punished can be reduced The occurrence of the network crime is a lot of measures to improve the level of security and prevention, such as the establishment of a special organization for the purpose of combating computer crime; training and training for judges, prosecutors and lawyers in the service; and strengthening the exchange and cooperation of the international community, etc. Fourth, perfect the legal norms. Good legislation is the most basic of the crime, and the most deterrent to the criminals. The author has long thought and used the theory of some scholars, here Some suggestions to improve the law are put forward: the unit is the main body of the computer crime, the crime of the computer information system is destroyed, the crime of the crime is increased, and the protected computer information system The scope of the system should be increased, not only
【學(xué)位授予單位】：吉林大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2004
【分類號】：D917

【引證文獻(xiàn)】

相關(guān)會議論文 前1條

1 趙運(yùn)鋒;周靜;;網(wǎng)絡(luò)誹謗犯罪行為的規(guī)制與預(yù)防[A];犯罪學(xué)論壇（第二卷·下）[C];2015年

相關(guān)碩士學(xué)位論文 前1條

1 桑明宇;網(wǎng)絡(luò)犯罪預(yù)防的個(gè)案社會工作介入研究[D];西北農(nóng)林科技大學(xué);2016年

本文編號：2482515

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