【摘要】：社會(huì)分層在社會(huì)學(xué)里,社會(huì)分層指的是依據(jù)一定具有社會(huì)意義的屬性,一個(gè)社會(huì)成員被區(qū)分為高低有序的不同的等級(jí)、層次的過(guò)程和現(xiàn)象。它是社會(huì)學(xué)領(lǐng)域中的一個(gè)基本概念，處于社會(huì)結(jié)構(gòu)的核心位置。社會(huì)分層研究的主要是社會(huì)結(jié)構(gòu)、社會(huì)流動(dòng)及社會(huì)變遷等問(wèn)題。中西方學(xué)者、社會(huì)學(xué)家根據(jù)不同的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)把社會(huì)中的階層分門(mén)別類并各自提出了代表性的觀點(diǎn)，西方社會(huì)學(xué)的代表觀點(diǎn)有馬克思的一元分層模式、韋伯的三元分層模式等，當(dāng)代中國(guó)社會(huì)學(xué)的代表觀點(diǎn)有結(jié)構(gòu)分析論、資源配置論及主觀分層論等。 方法被偵查主體運(yùn)用于偵查過(guò)程即構(gòu)成了偵查方法，偵查方法具有系統(tǒng)性、可選擇性、工具性等特征，其類型可分為一般的與專門(mén)的偵查方法、主動(dòng)型與被動(dòng)型偵查方法等。偵查方法對(duì)偵查效率的提高起著直接的作用，所以偵查方法在偵查活動(dòng)中占有重要的地位。 偵查方法與社會(huì)分層之間的關(guān)系在中外歷史上都經(jīng)歷了很長(zhǎng)的歷史發(fā)展時(shí)期，從我國(guó)古代的立法活動(dòng)、法律法條以及偵查活動(dòng)等方面中都散發(fā)著濃烈的分層氣息，當(dāng)然這種現(xiàn)象在古代的西方同樣也存在。時(shí)至今日，社會(huì)分層作為一種結(jié)構(gòu)性和普遍性的社會(huì)分化，使不同社會(huì)主體之間的需要、利益、價(jià)值觀念等產(chǎn)生差異甚至沖突，于是便出現(xiàn)了社會(huì)沖突，最嚴(yán)重的表現(xiàn)形式是犯罪行為。于是，偵查作為打擊犯罪及維護(hù)社會(huì)秩序的手段，就有了存在的現(xiàn)實(shí)性、合理性和必要性。 但在日益復(fù)雜的社會(huì)背景及刑事犯罪升級(jí)壓力下，偵查方法捉襟見(jiàn)肘，偵查方法的單一性、滯后性、不規(guī)范性等局限性凸顯，同時(shí)也面臨著犯罪態(tài)勢(shì)嚴(yán)峻、犯罪數(shù)量及類型激增等問(wèn)題，偵查方法的改革就顯得愈發(fā)的重要，筆者認(rèn)為偵查方法改革，必須堅(jiān)持效率與公正并重，，打擊犯罪的同時(shí)也要保障人權(quán)；圍繞著偵查能力的提高和偵查法治化的推進(jìn)，實(shí)現(xiàn)偵查理論化、法治化、科學(xué)化；也要堅(jiān)持偵查方法改革和偵查程序、偵查體制與偵查業(yè)務(wù)共同發(fā)展；等等。
[Abstract]:Social stratification in sociology, social stratification refers to a social member is divided into high and low orderly different levels, hierarchical processes and phenomena according to certain attributes of social significance. It is a basic concept in the field of sociology and is in the core position of social structure. The study of social stratification is mainly about social structure, social mobility and social change. According to different standards, Chinese and western scholars and sociologists have classified the strata in society and put forward their own representative viewpoints. The representative views of western sociology are Marx's univariate stratification model, Weber's ternary stratification model and so on. The representative viewpoints of contemporary Chinese sociology include structural analysis, resource allocation and subjective stratification. The method is used by the main body of investigation in the process of investigation, which constitutes the investigation method. The investigation method has the characteristics of systematicness, selectivity and instrumentality. Its types can be divided into general and special investigation methods, active and passive investigation methods and so on. Investigation methods play a direct role in improving the efficiency of investigation, so investigation methods play an important role in investigation activities. The relationship between investigation methods and social stratification has experienced a long period of historical development in the history of China and foreign countries. From the aspects of ancient legislative activities, legal laws and investigation activities in China, there is a strong atmosphere of stratification. Of course, this phenomenon also existed in the ancient West. Up to now, social stratification, as a kind of structural and universal social differentiation, makes the needs, interests, values and so on between different social subjects differ or even conflict, so there will be social conflicts. The most serious form of expression is criminal behavior. Therefore, investigation, as a means of cracking down on crime and maintaining social order, has the reality, rationality and necessity of existence. However, under the increasingly complex social background and the pressure of criminal crime escalation, the investigation methods are stretched, the oneness, lag and non-standardization of the investigation methods are prominent, and at the same time, they are also facing the serious situation of crime. The reform of investigation methods is becoming more and more important because of the surge in the number and type of crimes. The author believes that the reform of investigation methods must attach equal importance to efficiency and justice, and at the same time protect human rights while cracking down on crimes. Around the improvement of investigation ability and the promotion of investigation rule of law, we should realize the theory, rule of law and scientization of investigation; we should also adhere to the reform of investigation methods and investigation procedures, the common development of investigation system and investigation business, and so on.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：西南政法大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2012
【分類號(hào)】：D918.2

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