【摘要】：近年來(lái)，筆跡學(xué)的不斷發(fā)展，筆跡鑒定的理論基礎(chǔ)也在日趨完善，筆跡鑒定結(jié)論的科學(xué)性地位也已經(jīng)毋庸置疑。但在筆跡司法鑒定實(shí)踐中，仍存在鑒定結(jié)論錯(cuò)誤、傾向性的鑒定結(jié)論或者難以做出鑒定結(jié)論的現(xiàn)象。究其原因是多方面的，但最主要的原因還是樣本的可比性要求得不到滿足以及差異點(diǎn)得不到合理的解釋，這與鑒定人對(duì)書(shū)寫(xiě)習(xí)慣的多樣性認(rèn)識(shí)不足有著密切的關(guān)系。因此，對(duì)書(shū)寫(xiě)習(xí)慣的多樣性進(jìn)行分析和研究，完善書(shū)寫(xiě)習(xí)慣理論是十分有必要的，也是亟須解決的基礎(chǔ)理論問(wèn)題。 本文以書(shū)寫(xiě)習(xí)慣理論為基礎(chǔ)，研究書(shū)寫(xiě)習(xí)慣多樣性的形成機(jī)制，并且對(duì)書(shū)寫(xiě)習(xí)慣多樣性的概念進(jìn)行界定。同時(shí)，對(duì)書(shū)寫(xiě)習(xí)慣多樣性的表現(xiàn)形式及其特點(diǎn)進(jìn)行研究，并且對(duì)書(shū)寫(xiě)習(xí)慣多樣性的表現(xiàn)與變化筆跡、偽裝筆跡中的多樣性表現(xiàn)進(jìn)行區(qū)分。這在筆跡鑒定中對(duì)于區(qū)分檢材筆跡的多樣性表現(xiàn)是同一人書(shū)寫(xiě)習(xí)慣的反映還是不同人書(shū)寫(xiě)習(xí)慣的反映具有重要的意義。最后對(duì)書(shū)寫(xiě)習(xí)慣多樣性的筆跡鑒定中可能出現(xiàn)的問(wèn)題進(jìn)行了分析和研究。 本文分為四個(gè)部分，共三萬(wàn)八千余字。 第一個(gè)部分是基礎(chǔ)理論部分，這一部分先從心理和生理學(xué)的角度簡(jiǎn)要介紹了書(shū)寫(xiě)習(xí)慣的概念及其形成機(jī)制，在此基礎(chǔ)上對(duì)書(shū)寫(xiě)習(xí)慣多樣性的概念進(jìn)行了界定，，并重點(diǎn)介紹了書(shū)寫(xiě)習(xí)慣多樣性的形成機(jī)制。闡明其形成原因主要包括練習(xí)摹仿對(duì)象的多樣性，書(shū)寫(xiě)人的書(shū)寫(xiě)技能和書(shū)寫(xiě)水平的層次不同，書(shū)寫(xiě)人的審美情趣和職業(yè)需要的不同以及在簽名筆跡中出現(xiàn)書(shū)寫(xiě)習(xí)慣多樣性的概率較大。 第二個(gè)部分是在對(duì)書(shū)寫(xiě)習(xí)慣多樣性的概念及其形成理論有了一定了解的基礎(chǔ)上，對(duì)書(shū)寫(xiě)習(xí)慣多樣性的表現(xiàn)形式及其特點(diǎn)進(jìn)行了描述。書(shū)寫(xiě)習(xí)慣的多樣性主要表現(xiàn)在書(shū)體、字體、字形、運(yùn)筆、筆順、書(shū)寫(xiě)速度、單字的結(jié)構(gòu)和字群的布局以及歷時(shí)性書(shū)寫(xiě)這八個(gè)方面。書(shū)寫(xiě)習(xí)慣的多樣性同書(shū)寫(xiě)習(xí)慣一樣，具有特殊性、穩(wěn)定性和獨(dú)立性，同時(shí)還具有反映的選擇性以及關(guān)聯(lián)性。 第三個(gè)部分是將書(shū)寫(xiě)習(xí)慣多樣性的表現(xiàn)與偽裝筆跡、變化筆跡的多樣性進(jìn)行區(qū)分。首先分別對(duì)偽裝筆跡和變化筆跡的種類及其特點(diǎn)進(jìn)行了簡(jiǎn)要的介紹；然后從三者的本質(zhì)屬性及其各自的特征表現(xiàn)上對(duì)書(shū)寫(xiě)習(xí)慣多樣性的表現(xiàn)與偽裝筆跡、變化筆跡的區(qū)別進(jìn)行闡述。 第四個(gè)部分是對(duì)書(shū)寫(xiě)習(xí)慣多樣性鑒定中可能出現(xiàn)的部分問(wèn)題進(jìn)行了闡述。首先介紹了書(shū)寫(xiě)習(xí)慣多樣性的判定方法，然后對(duì)書(shū)寫(xiě)習(xí)慣多樣性鑒定中可能出現(xiàn)的差異點(diǎn)進(jìn)行解釋；接下來(lái)是針對(duì)書(shū)寫(xiě)習(xí)慣多樣性鑒定中出現(xiàn)的樣本字跡不能滿足可比性要求的問(wèn)題對(duì)樣本的收集提出幾點(diǎn)建；，最后是對(duì)書(shū)寫(xiě)習(xí)慣多樣性鑒定中可能做出的鑒定結(jié)論的形式和條件進(jìn)行了闡述。
[Abstract]:In recent years, with the continuous development of handwriting science, the theoretical basis of handwriting identification is becoming more and more perfect, and the scientific status of handwriting identification conclusion has been indisputable. However, in the practice of handwriting forensic identification, there still exist the phenomenon that the appraisal conclusion is wrong, the tendency appraisal conclusion or the difficulty to make the appraisal conclusion. There are many reasons, but the main reason is that the comparability requirements of the samples are not satisfied and the differences are not explained reasonably, which is closely related to the lack of understanding of the diversity of writing habits. Therefore, it is very necessary to analyze and study the diversity of writing habits and perfect the theory of writing habits, and it is also an urgent basic theory problem to be solved. Based on the theory of writing habits, this paper studies the formation mechanism of the diversity of writing habits, and defines the concept of the diversity of writing habits. At the same time, this paper studies the expression forms and characteristics of the diversity of writing habits, and distinguishes the diversity of writing habits from that of changing handwriting and camouflage handwriting. In handwriting identification, it is of great significance to distinguish whether the diversity of handwriting is the reflection of the writing habit of the same person or the reflection of the writing habit of different people. Finally, the possible problems in handwriting identification of the diversity of writing habits are analyzed and studied. This paper is divided into four parts, a total of more than 38000 words. The first part is the basic theory part. This part firstly introduces the concept of writing habit and its forming mechanism from the angle of psychology and physiology, and then defines the concept of diversity of writing habit. It also introduces the formation mechanism of the diversity of writing habits. The reasons for its formation mainly include the diversity of imitating objects, the different levels of writing skills and writing levels of writers. The difference of aesthetic taste and professional needs of the writer and the variety of writing habits in the signature handwriting are more likely. The second part describes the forms and characteristics of the diversity of writing habits on the basis of a certain understanding of the concept and formation theory of the diversity of writing habits. The diversity of writing habits is mainly manifested in eight aspects: book style, character shape, pen movement, pen order, writing speed, structure of single character and layout of character group, as well as diachronic writing. The diversity of writing habits is as special, stable and independent as writing habits, but also has the selectivity and relevance of reflection. The third part distinguishes the diversity of writing habits from that of camouflage handwriting and changing handwriting. Firstly, the types and characteristics of camouflage handwriting and varied handwriting are briefly introduced. Then from the nature of the three attributes and their respective characteristics of the performance of the diversity of writing habits and camouflage handwriting, the difference between the changes in handwriting. The fourth part is about the possible problems in the identification of the diversity of writing habits. This paper first introduces the method of judging the diversity of writing habits, and then explains the possible differences in the identification of the diversity of writing habits. Next, the author puts forward some suggestions for the collection of the sample handwriting which can not meet the requirement of comparability in the identification of the diversity of writing habits. Finally, the paper expounds the forms and conditions of the possible identification conclusions in the identification of the diversity of writing habits.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：西南政法大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2013
【分類號(hào)】：D918.9

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