文化沖突下的犯罪形成及防控機制研究
發(fā)布時間：2018-12-31 12:42
【摘要】： 犯罪從來不是一個獨立的現(xiàn)象，它是相關(guān)因素互相作用的結(jié)果，同時它也與相關(guān)致因和導(dǎo)致的結(jié)果形成互動關(guān)系。當然，這種關(guān)系是有規(guī)律可尋的。只有通過理性的思考與實證的調(diào)研科學(xué)地認識了相關(guān)規(guī)律，才能從總體上有效調(diào)節(jié)和控制一社會犯罪的總體態(tài)勢。 一般認為，對犯罪產(chǎn)生影響的因素非常復(fù)雜，包括人本身的生理、心理機制問題，社會各種外界因素對人的影響。隨著人類文明的進步，人與人的交流與溝通更加頻繁與高效，人類構(gòu)建的各種管理、服務(wù)機構(gòu)也更為復(fù)雜，人的社會化程度較之以往越來越高，同時人們對社會的依賴性相應(yīng)也越來越強。因而社會中各種因素對人的行為的直接和間接的影響力都在無形之中成倍地增加，比如當今世界更加緊密、繁榮與激烈競爭的經(jīng)濟因素、更加富有爭議的政治因素、更加受到狂熱崇拜的宗教因素、更加面臨危機的各地傳統(tǒng)風(fēng)俗等等。而作為這些因素的有機復(fù)合體——文化，自然而然地就在特定的時期與特定的犯罪形成了一種息息相關(guān)的關(guān)系。由于文化本身的歷史性、地域性與包容性特征，決定了文化內(nèi)涵的復(fù)雜性，即人類社會中總是一直存在和演變著各種各樣的文化類型。在一定時空范圍內(nèi)，各種類型的文化之間或相互和諧或相互沖突，這種狀態(tài)一直持續(xù)，伴隨人類存在的始終。 從犯罪原因論的角度來看，犯罪產(chǎn)生于特定的文化。文化是同一人類群體在相當長的時間內(nèi)形成的一種生活習(xí)慣的積淀，受制于特定的社會政治、宗教、經(jīng)濟、地理環(huán)境等因素。文化在人的社會化進程中起著非常重要的作用，一方面，它形成并發(fā)展著人們穩(wěn)定的同質(zhì)價值觀，另一方面，社會中又必然同時存在著大量多元的異質(zhì)文化，導(dǎo)致價值觀念沖突，影響著人們在不同的價值取向下的作為或不作為。在一個相對領(lǐng)域內(nèi)的文化群體中，當特定個體深受亞文化、異質(zhì)文化的熏染時，其行為必然會違反多數(shù)人所認可的主流方式，而在行為上呈現(xiàn)出反社會性。在彼此不斷的沖突中，被一種文化群體認可但不能被主文化體或人類社會所認同的“犯罪文化”及其犯罪行為便由此產(chǎn)生，當法律將這些行為加以禁止性規(guī)定時，便成為犯罪。 從犯罪與文化的互動關(guān)系來看，犯罪與文化總是處于相互影響之中，哪一方的波動都可能引發(fā)對方的變化。我們既可以發(fā)現(xiàn)各種可能導(dǎo)致違法犯罪的文化因素自身存在著內(nèi)部之間的聯(lián)系，如文化沖突中各種文化的此起彼伏、此消彼長；也能夠看到，犯罪與這些文化形成不宜為人所察覺的互動關(guān)系，如文化的變遷引發(fā)新的犯罪定義并消除一些已為人們?nèi)萑袒虺蔀樯鐣l(fā)展一部分的原先的犯罪，而犯罪行為對一地區(qū)的人文風(fēng)氣從消極方面來看會產(chǎn)生不同程度的侵蝕，從積極方面來看卻也可能會對社會科技和法治的進步提供一定的刺激。研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，各種文化因素中，對犯罪影響較大或者說更容易與犯罪相聯(lián)系的文化現(xiàn)象表現(xiàn)為移民文化沖突、亞文化群和個人激進文化主義等。在移民產(chǎn)生的文化沖突中，既會引發(fā)移入者的文化不適，也會導(dǎo)致本地居民的困惑和內(nèi)心沖突，進而引發(fā)誤解型與沖突型違法犯罪：與主流文化相對應(yīng)的亞文化群則通過特殊認同的團體集結(jié)的形式，更容易受到青少年的青睞，特別是借助當今網(wǎng)絡(luò)力量，使許多自制力不強、有越軌思想或行為的人更加深陷其中難以自拔，而逐漸走向違法犯罪的邊緣；個人激進文化代表的往往是一種特定方面未來文化的發(fā)展方向，但是在一定時期和范圍內(nèi)，這種超前的理念和行為方式一般不能被公眾所認同，有時甚至?xí)蚍梁λ嘶騻鹘y(tǒng)社會秩序而被認定為違法犯罪。 從犯罪預(yù)防的角度來看，僅僅對犯罪進行事后的刑事懲罰是遠遠不夠的，治理違法犯罪的關(guān)鍵在于調(diào)整易于引發(fā)犯罪的相關(guān)社會因素并通過社會政策影響和生物藥理治療來矯治部分人群的不良人格。德國教育刑大師李斯特教授早就說過，，最好的社會政策就是最好的刑事政策。因而，在認識到文化因素作為犯罪根本原因、文化與犯罪的互動關(guān)系，尤其是文化沖突與亞文化對犯罪的影響時，我們就要利用發(fā)現(xiàn)的規(guī)律，通過文化政策對文化因素的調(diào)整，達到徹底預(yù)防和矯治犯罪的目的。如當前我國政府所提倡的和諧文化思想，在犯罪預(yù)防方面就起到了通過化解過于激烈的文化沖突進而減少相關(guān)犯罪(如暴力犯罪)的積極作用。
[Abstract]:The crime is never an independent phenomenon, it is the result of the interaction of the relevant factors, and it also forms an interactive relationship with the result of the relevant cause and the result. Of course, this relationship is a rule that can be found. Only through rational thinking and empirical research, the general situation of a society crime can be effectively adjusted and controlled. It is generally considered that the factors that have an impact on the crime are very complex, including the human's own physiological, psychological mechanism and various external factors. With the progress of human civilization, people's communication and communication with people are more frequent and efficient, the various management and service institutions of human construction are more complex, and the degree of socialization of people is higher and higher than in the past, and the dependence of people on society As a result, the direct and indirect influence of various factors on human behavior in society has increased exponentially, such as the more compact, prosperous and competitive economic factors in the world today, the more controversial political factors, and the cult worship. Religious factors that are more exposed to the crisis. As an organic complex _ culture of these factors, the organic complex _ culture, as these factors, naturally forms an interest-bearing interest in a specific period of time and a specific crime Due to the historical, regional and inclusive character of the culture itself, the complexity of the cultural connotation is determined, that is, the human society has always existed and evolved in various ways The type of culture. In a range of time and space, various types of cultures, or from one another, or from one another, have continued, with humanity. All the time. From the point of view of the theory of crime, A culture is the accumulation of a living habit formed by the same human group in a considerable period of time, subject to specific social and political, religious, The culture plays a very important role in the process of people's socialization, on the one hand, it forms and develops the people's stable and homogenous values, on the other hand, there is a large number of heterogeneous heterogeneous in the society Culture, resulting in value conflicts, affecting people at different prices The act or omission of the value orientation. In a cultural group in a relative domain, when a particular individual is deeply influenced by the subculture and the foreign culture, the behavior of the specific individual must be in violation of the dominant mode recognized by the majority. The 鈥渢he culture of crime鈥
本文編號：2396604
[Abstract]:The crime is never an independent phenomenon, it is the result of the interaction of the relevant factors, and it also forms an interactive relationship with the result of the relevant cause and the result. Of course, this relationship is a rule that can be found. Only through rational thinking and empirical research, the general situation of a society crime can be effectively adjusted and controlled. It is generally considered that the factors that have an impact on the crime are very complex, including the human's own physiological, psychological mechanism and various external factors. With the progress of human civilization, people's communication and communication with people are more frequent and efficient, the various management and service institutions of human construction are more complex, and the degree of socialization of people is higher and higher than in the past, and the dependence of people on society As a result, the direct and indirect influence of various factors on human behavior in society has increased exponentially, such as the more compact, prosperous and competitive economic factors in the world today, the more controversial political factors, and the cult worship. Religious factors that are more exposed to the crisis. As an organic complex _ culture of these factors, the organic complex _ culture, as these factors, naturally forms an interest-bearing interest in a specific period of time and a specific crime Due to the historical, regional and inclusive character of the culture itself, the complexity of the cultural connotation is determined, that is, the human society has always existed and evolved in various ways The type of culture. In a range of time and space, various types of cultures, or from one another, or from one another, have continued, with humanity. All the time. From the point of view of the theory of crime, A culture is the accumulation of a living habit formed by the same human group in a considerable period of time, subject to specific social and political, religious, The culture plays a very important role in the process of people's socialization, on the one hand, it forms and develops the people's stable and homogenous values, on the other hand, there is a large number of heterogeneous heterogeneous in the society Culture, resulting in value conflicts, affecting people at different prices The act or omission of the value orientation. In a cultural group in a relative domain, when a particular individual is deeply influenced by the subculture and the foreign culture, the behavior of the specific individual must be in violation of the dominant mode recognized by the majority. The 鈥渢he culture of crime鈥
本文編號：2396604
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