【摘要】： 自上世紀(jì)90年代以來，傳銷在我國逐漸盛行，現(xiàn)已發(fā)展為“經(jīng)濟(jì)邪教”，對社會安定構(gòu)成嚴(yán)重威脅。作為一線公安民警，筆者直接參與了大量傳銷違法犯罪活動的打擊工作，并且參加了公安部經(jīng)濟(jì)犯罪偵查局對全國傳銷犯罪活動的調(diào)查研究工作，故以傳銷犯罪為選題，對傳銷犯罪的現(xiàn)狀進(jìn)行調(diào)查并研究對策。本文共分五個部分： 一、我國傳銷犯罪概述。概略介紹我國傳銷活動的由來，以及各種名義掩蓋下的傳銷活動依靠層層向下發(fā)展“金字塔”式的人際網(wǎng)絡(luò)，從而造成少數(shù)人暴富，多數(shù)人受騙的實(shí)質(zhì)危害。 二、當(dāng)前我國傳銷活動的主要特點(diǎn)。因?yàn)閷以獯驌�、取締，傳銷活動不斷轉(zhuǎn)變方式，名目更加繁多，渠道更加廣泛，組織更加嚴(yán)密，成員更加復(fù)雜，手段更加惡劣，已經(jīng)發(fā)展成為影響社會穩(wěn)定的重大隱患。 三、傳銷犯罪的社會危害性及愈演愈烈的原因。傳銷活動發(fā)展的基礎(chǔ)是依靠出售信任資源發(fā)展下線，嚴(yán)重破壞人際間的誠信基礎(chǔ)；參與者喪失倫理道德觀念，引發(fā)大量刑事犯罪及治安問題，破壞社會穩(wěn)定；通過從思想上蠱惑人心，從經(jīng)濟(jì)上引誘參與者深陷其中，呈現(xiàn)出“經(jīng)濟(jì)邪教”的特征。當(dāng)前我國的市場經(jīng)濟(jì)體制尚不完善，大量富余勞動力急于致富；傳銷活動充分利用人性弱點(diǎn)進(jìn)行蠱惑宣傳和洗腦說教；立法滯后導(dǎo)致的打擊不力等因素是造成傳銷活動愈演愈烈的主客觀原因。 四、我國打擊傳銷活動的基本情況及難點(diǎn)。自1998年全國禁止傳銷活動以來，有關(guān)職能部門不斷加大打擊力度，辦理了大量參與人員多、涉案范圍廣、社會影響大的傳銷犯罪案件。但是傳銷活動強(qiáng)烈的欺騙性，對傳銷犯罪的認(rèn)識不統(tǒng)一，，各職能部門缺乏有效的協(xié)調(diào)配合，法律政策界定的不明確，群眾對傳銷和直銷的認(rèn)識不清楚以及司法機(jī)關(guān)受破案、取證、處理、經(jīng)費(fèi)等“四難”因素的制約，打擊傳銷犯罪實(shí)踐面臨著重重困境。 五、加強(qiáng)“打傳”工作的對策思考。直銷自二戰(zhàn)后起源于美國，很快流行于世界，有關(guān)直銷的立法也在各國相繼建立。借鑒國外關(guān)于直銷的立法及經(jīng)驗(yàn)，有利于我們從立法的層面上得到有益的啟示。美國、歐洲國家、東南亞各國對直銷以及最容易出現(xiàn)問題的“金字塔”銷售、冷靜期、訪問銷售等都有明確的規(guī)定和立法規(guī)制，法律的建立使直銷經(jīng)營者有了自律的準(zhǔn)繩，使執(zhí)法者有了打擊違法直銷的依據(jù)，從而起到了推邪輔正，去偽存真的作用�？梢哉f，從刑事立法的層面上對打擊傳銷做出明確的立法規(guī)定是打擊傳銷的根本對策。在目前的司法實(shí)踐中，各級執(zhí)法部門切實(shí)履行職責(zé)，始終保持對傳銷犯罪的高壓態(tài)勢和打擊力度，通過大量的宣傳工作教育廣大群眾認(rèn)清傳銷的危害實(shí)質(zhì)等措施也是立足現(xiàn)實(shí)，遏制傳銷犯罪蔓延泛濫的對策，這也是在法律困境中的一些積極的司法實(shí)踐。
[Abstract]:Since the 1990s, pyramid marketing has become a "economic cult" in China, which poses a serious threat to social stability. As a first-line public security police, the author directly participated in the crackdown on a large number of pyramid selling illegal and criminal activities, and participated in the investigation and research work of the Bureau of Economic Crime investigation of the Ministry of Public Security on the criminal activities of pyramid selling throughout the country. The present situation of pyramid selling crime is investigated and countermeasures are studied. This paper is divided into five parts: first, the overview of pyramid selling crime in China. This paper briefly introduces the origin of pyramid selling activities in our country, as well as the real harm of pyramid type interpersonal network under the cover of various names, which results in a few people becoming rich and most people being cheated. Second, the main characteristics of pyramid marketing activities in China. Because it has been repeatedly attacked, banned, and pyramid marketing activities are constantly changing their methods, the names are more numerous, the channels are more extensive, the organizations are more rigorous, the members are more complex, and the means are even worse, they have developed into a major hidden danger affecting social stability. Third, the social harmfulness of pyramid selling crime and the reason of increasing intensity. The foundation of the development of pyramid marketing activities is to rely on the sale of trust resources to develop offline, seriously destroy the interpersonal integrity foundation, the participants lose their ethical and moral concepts, cause a large number of criminal and public security problems, and undermine social stability; Through the demagoguery from the thought, seduces the participant from the economy, presents the characteristic of "economic cult". At present, the market economy system of our country is not perfect, a large number of surplus labor force is eager to get rich, pyramid selling activities make full use of the weakness of human nature to conduct propaganda and brainwash preaching; Some factors, such as ineffective legislation, are the subjective and objective reasons for the intensified pyramid selling activities. Fourth, China's basic situation and difficulties in cracking down on pyramid selling activities. Since the nationwide prohibition of pyramid selling activities in 1998, the relevant functional departments have continuously stepped up the crackdown and handled a large number of criminal cases involving a large number of participants, involving a wide range of cases and having a great social impact. However, pyramid selling activities are highly deceptive, the understanding of pyramid selling crimes is not uniform, the various functional departments lack effective coordination and coordination, the definition of laws and policies is not clear, the masses' understanding of pyramid selling and direct marketing is not clear, and the judicial organs are being solved. With the restriction of four difficult factors, such as collecting evidence, dealing with funds and so on, the practice of cracking down on pyramid selling is facing many difficulties. Fifth, strengthen the work of "hit the Biography" countermeasures. Direct selling originated in the United States after World War II and soon became popular all over the world. Drawing lessons from the legislation and experience of foreign countries on direct selling is helpful for us to get beneficial enlightenment from the level of legislation. The United States, European countries, and Southeast Asian countries have clear regulations and legislative regulations on direct sales, as well as the "pyramid" sales, the cooling-off period, and the visiting sales, which are the most prone to problems. The establishment of laws has given direct sales operators the criterion of self-discipline. So that law enforcement has the basis to crack down on illegal direct sales, thus playing the role of promoting evil, identifying false things, and retaining the real thing. It can be said that it is the fundamental countermeasure to crack down on MLM from the level of criminal legislation. In the current judicial practice, the law enforcement departments at all levels have effectively carried out their duties, have always maintained the high pressure and crackdown on pyramid selling crimes, and through a large amount of propaganda work to educate the general public to understand the harmful nature of pyramid selling, and other measures are also based on reality. The countermeasures to curb the spread of pyramid selling crime are also some positive judicial practices in the legal dilemma.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：山東大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2007
【分類號】：D917

【引證文獻(xiàn)】

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