【摘要】： 中國現(xiàn)階段正由傳統(tǒng)的農(nóng)業(yè)時代向工業(yè)化和信息化時代的過渡。中國社會階層的分化和多元化利益的格局是中國的社會轉(zhuǎn)型的必然結(jié)果。在當(dāng)前利益格局的轉(zhuǎn)型時期，，由于新的利益協(xié)調(diào)和整合機(jī)制尚未建立，因而在分配關(guān)系上，出現(xiàn)了分配不公的現(xiàn)象。在我國這樣一個有著“不患寡而患不均”的文化傳統(tǒng)的國家，群眾對分配不公造成的收入差距的心理承受能力不高，尤其當(dāng)個人把他的處境與某種標(biāo)準(zhǔn)或參照物相比，覺得其應(yīng)得而未得到時，就產(chǎn)生了怨恨與不滿，甚至出現(xiàn)挫折的心理和由不公平感所導(dǎo)致的行為失范。失范行為，在迪爾凱姆看來，它是一種社會或群體中相對而言缺乏規(guī)范控制的狀態(tài)，其根源在于社會集體意識的衰落和個人欲望的急劇膨脹。由于個人心理感到不公平性，而社會缺少相應(yīng)的控制機(jī)制，再加上個人對財富強(qiáng)烈的欲望，很可能走上犯罪之路。 本文運(yùn)用中國1978年至2002年間犯罪率和居民之間收入差距的數(shù)據(jù)，對兩者的關(guān)系進(jìn)行協(xié)整分析，旨在揭示中國現(xiàn)階段犯罪率的增長與居民之間收入差距擴(kuò)大的具體關(guān)系，進(jìn)而結(jié)合犯罪社會學(xué)理論從更深層次來解釋兩者關(guān)系。 本文共分六個部分。第一部分是導(dǎo)言，在這章里，描述了由于相對的貧窮而走上犯罪之路的一些現(xiàn)象，然后從犯罪行為的外部性，闡述了犯罪所帶來經(jīng)濟(jì)上危害，說明本文研究意義；進(jìn)而提出了本文所要研究的主題。第二部分綜述了國內(nèi)外學(xué)者從經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)角度研究犯罪的理論成果，并提出本文研究的思路和創(chuàng)新之處。第三部分大致反映了中國當(dāng)前居民之間收入差距的狀況以及犯罪的現(xiàn)狀。第四部分是本文的核心部分。首先引入測度犯罪率和居民之間收入差距的指標(biāo)，然后應(yīng)用葛蘭杰因果關(guān)系來檢驗(yàn)犯罪率增長與居民之間收入差距擴(kuò)大之間是否存在因果關(guān)系，運(yùn)用協(xié)整檢驗(yàn)和誤差糾正模型來分析中國現(xiàn)階段犯罪率增長與居民之間收入差距擴(kuò)大的長期和短期關(guān)系。實(shí)證結(jié)果表明，無論是從長期來看，還是在短期上，這兩者都呈顯著的正相關(guān)性。第五部分是利用實(shí)證分析的結(jié)果，從兩個方面對預(yù)防和控制犯罪提出政策建議，一個方面，從經(jīng)濟(jì)政策上如何縮小居民之間的收入差距；另一方面是從法律上怎樣更好地預(yù)防和控制犯罪。第六部分是本文的結(jié)束語，考慮到中國現(xiàn)在正處于現(xiàn)代化的轉(zhuǎn)型期，指出了正確理解犯罪率的增長與居民之間收入差距擴(kuò)大的關(guān)系，最后指出了本文理論上不足之處，提出了對犯罪研究進(jìn)一步的思考。
[Abstract]:China is now in the transition from the traditional agricultural age to the industrialization and information age. The differentiation of Chinese social stratum and the pattern of pluralistic interests are the inevitable result of China's social transformation. In the transition period of the current interest pattern, because the new mechanism of interest coordination and integration has not been established, there is a phenomenon of unfair distribution in the distribution relationship. In our country, which has a cultural tradition of "not being rich but unequal", the people's psychological ability to bear the income gap caused by unfair distribution is not high, especially if the individual compares his situation to a certain standard or reference. When they feel they deserve but not get, they produce resentment and dissatisfaction, even frustration psychology and behavior anomie caused by unfair feeling. In Dilkem's view, it is a state of relative lack of normative control in society or group, and its root lies in the decline of social collective consciousness and the rapid expansion of individual desire. Due to the unfairness of individual psychology and the lack of corresponding control mechanism in society, and the strong desire of individuals for wealth, they are likely to embark on the road of crime. Based on the data of crime rate and income gap between residents in China from 1978 to 2002, this paper makes a cointegration analysis of the relationship between the two, in order to reveal the specific relationship between the increase of crime rate and the widening of income gap between residents in China at the present stage. Then, the relationship between the two is explained from a deeper level with the theory of sociology of crime. This paper is divided into six parts. The first part is the introduction, in this chapter, it describes some phenomena of taking the road of crime because of relative poverty, then from the externality of criminal behavior, expounds the economic harm brought by crime, explains the significance of this study; Furthermore, the theme of this paper is put forward. The second part summarizes the theoretical achievements of domestic and foreign scholars on crime from the angle of economics, and puts forward the ideas and innovations of this paper. The third part roughly reflects the status of income gap and crime in China. The fourth part is the core part of this paper. First of all, we introduce the index to measure the crime rate and income gap between residents, and then use Granger causality to test whether there is a causal relationship between the increase of crime rate and the widening of income gap between residents. The cointegration test and error correction model are used to analyze the long-term and short-term relationship between the increase of crime rate and the widening income gap between residents in China. The empirical results show that there is a significant positive correlation between them both in the long run and in the short term. The fifth part is to use the results of empirical analysis, from two aspects of crime prevention and control policy recommendations, one aspect, from the economic policy to narrow the income gap between residents; On the other hand, how to better prevent and control crime from the law. The sixth part is the conclusion of this paper, considering that China is now in the transition period of modernization, it points out the relationship between the increase of crime rate and the widening income gap between residents, and finally points out the theoretical deficiencies of this paper. Further thinking about crime research is put forward.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：山東大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2007
【分類號】：D917

【引證文獻(xiàn)】

相關(guān)碩士學(xué)位論文 前1條

1 張靜;中國居民收入差距與通貨膨脹關(guān)系研究[D];暨南大學(xué);2008年

本文編號：2339984