中國流動人口的法律治理初探
發(fā)布時間：2018-10-21 10:25
【摘要】：隨著我國工業(yè)化、城市化的快速推進，城市化進程產(chǎn)生的“拉力”和城鄉(xiāng)差異、地區(qū)失衡產(chǎn)生的“推力”，使得流動人口特別是農(nóng)民工的數(shù)量居高不下且不斷增加。據(jù)第六次全國人口普查數(shù)據(jù)顯示，至2010年11月我國流動人口數(shù)量高達2.21億人，占全國總?cè)丝诘?6.5％。同2000年人口普查相比，流動人口數(shù)增長了81.03%。如此龐大的流動人口規(guī)模以及迅速增長的趨勢，給我國流動人口的社會管理帶來了嚴峻挑戰(zhàn)。 建國以來，在二元戶籍制度、市場經(jīng)濟體制轉(zhuǎn)型、政府職能轉(zhuǎn)變的宏觀背景下,我國流動人口管理體制的建構(gòu)、發(fā)展與成型呈現(xiàn)出一定的階段性特征,先后經(jīng)歷了1949年-1977年期間的嚴格限制階段；1978年-1999年期間的防范式管理階段；2000年以來進入了屬地化管理階段。盡管目前我國針對流動人口的相關(guān)管理政策和法律法規(guī)還處于大變革時期，但全國各地區(qū)結(jié)合自身的發(fā)展情況，針對流動人口的社會管理問題，形成了不同的法律治理實踐模式。大致可分為三種模式：治安管理拓展型（全國絕大多數(shù)省市采用）、專業(yè)機構(gòu)協(xié)調(diào)型（代表城市是上海、無錫和深圳）、大人口機構(gòu)統(tǒng)籌型（代表城市是江蘇的張家港市和浙江的嘉興市）。 通過實踐可以發(fā)現(xiàn)我國對流動人口的管理主要以政府為管理主體，且基本停留在管制層面，而非真正意義上的治理。具體說來，當前我國流動人口的法律治理存在以下困境：主管行政部門協(xié)調(diào)性差，管理隊伍不足；政府主導管理，流動人口參與程度低；管理制度設(shè)計不合理，，流動人口權(quán)益保障不夠；相關(guān)流動人口信息采集不清，管理效率低下。而問題的根源就在于管理理念滯后、政策法規(guī)不健全、戶籍制度的二元化。所以盡管政府各職能部門對流動人口的社會管理投入了大量的人力、物力和財力，流動人口管理工作難以適應現(xiàn)實需要。而完善流動人口社會管理是我國在未來城市化進程和現(xiàn)代化發(fā)展中必須回應的重大理論及現(xiàn)實問題，為此，本文在借鑒美國、日本等發(fā)達國家的流動人口管理經(jīng)驗的基礎(chǔ)上，提出了主體層面形成政府、社區(qū)、基層組織齊抓共管的多元治理格局；客體層面實現(xiàn)流動人口基本公共服務均等化；方式層面以法律為主，形成多措并舉的綜合治理具體路徑，以期我國流動人口的管理走向流動人口的法律治理。
[Abstract]:With the industrialization of our country, the rapid advancement of urbanization, the "pull force" produced by urbanization process and the difference between urban and rural areas, and the "thrust" of regional imbalance, the number of floating population, especially migrant workers, has been increasing. According to the data of the sixth national census, by November 2010, the number of floating population in China is as high as 221 million, accounting for 16.5 percent of the total population of the country. Compared with the 2000 census, the number of floating population increased by 81. 03%. Such a large scale of floating population and the trend of rapid growth have brought severe challenges to the social management of floating population in our country. Since the founding of the people's Republic of China, under the macro background of the dual household registration system, the transformation of the market economy system and the transformation of government functions, the construction, development and shaping of the management system of the floating population in China have shown certain stage characteristics. It has experienced the strict restriction stage from 1949 to 1977, the preventive management stage from 1978 to 1999, and the localization management stage since 2000. Although the relevant management policies and laws and regulations for the floating population in China are still in a period of great change, the social management of the floating population is aimed at the social management of the floating population in various regions of the country in light of their own development situation. Formed different legal governance practice model. It can be roughly divided into three modes: the expanded type of public security management (adopted by the vast majority of provinces and cities in the country), and the type of coordination of professional organizations (representing the city of Shanghai, Wuxi and Shenzhen), large population organizations as a whole (representing the cities of Zhangjiagang City, Jiangsu Province and Jiaxing City, Zhejiang Province). Through practice, we can find that the government is the main body of the management of the floating population in our country, and basically stays at the level of control, rather than the real governance. Specifically, the current legal governance of floating population in China has the following difficulties: the administrative department in charge of poor coordination, insufficient management team, government-led management, low level of participation of floating population, unreasonable design of management system, The protection of floating population rights and interests is not enough; the information collection of floating population is not clear, and the management efficiency is low. The root of the problem lies in the lagging management concept, imperfect policies and regulations, and the dualization of the household registration system. Therefore, although the government departments put a lot of manpower, material and financial resources into the social management of floating population, the management of floating population is difficult to meet the needs of reality. To perfect the social management of floating population is an important theoretical and practical problem that our country must respond to in the process of urbanization and modernization in the future. Therefore, this paper draws lessons from the experiences of the United States, Japan and other developed countries in the management of floating population. Put forward the multi-governance pattern of government, community and grass-roots organizations at the subject level; realize the equalization of basic public services of floating population at the object level; take the law as the main way to form the concrete path of comprehensive management. With a view to the management of floating population towards the legal management of floating population.
【學位授予單位】：湘潭大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2012
【分類號】：D631.42;D922.1
本文編號：2284811
[Abstract]:With the industrialization of our country, the rapid advancement of urbanization, the "pull force" produced by urbanization process and the difference between urban and rural areas, and the "thrust" of regional imbalance, the number of floating population, especially migrant workers, has been increasing. According to the data of the sixth national census, by November 2010, the number of floating population in China is as high as 221 million, accounting for 16.5 percent of the total population of the country. Compared with the 2000 census, the number of floating population increased by 81. 03%. Such a large scale of floating population and the trend of rapid growth have brought severe challenges to the social management of floating population in our country. Since the founding of the people's Republic of China, under the macro background of the dual household registration system, the transformation of the market economy system and the transformation of government functions, the construction, development and shaping of the management system of the floating population in China have shown certain stage characteristics. It has experienced the strict restriction stage from 1949 to 1977, the preventive management stage from 1978 to 1999, and the localization management stage since 2000. Although the relevant management policies and laws and regulations for the floating population in China are still in a period of great change, the social management of the floating population is aimed at the social management of the floating population in various regions of the country in light of their own development situation. Formed different legal governance practice model. It can be roughly divided into three modes: the expanded type of public security management (adopted by the vast majority of provinces and cities in the country), and the type of coordination of professional organizations (representing the city of Shanghai, Wuxi and Shenzhen), large population organizations as a whole (representing the cities of Zhangjiagang City, Jiangsu Province and Jiaxing City, Zhejiang Province). Through practice, we can find that the government is the main body of the management of the floating population in our country, and basically stays at the level of control, rather than the real governance. Specifically, the current legal governance of floating population in China has the following difficulties: the administrative department in charge of poor coordination, insufficient management team, government-led management, low level of participation of floating population, unreasonable design of management system, The protection of floating population rights and interests is not enough; the information collection of floating population is not clear, and the management efficiency is low. The root of the problem lies in the lagging management concept, imperfect policies and regulations, and the dualization of the household registration system. Therefore, although the government departments put a lot of manpower, material and financial resources into the social management of floating population, the management of floating population is difficult to meet the needs of reality. To perfect the social management of floating population is an important theoretical and practical problem that our country must respond to in the process of urbanization and modernization in the future. Therefore, this paper draws lessons from the experiences of the United States, Japan and other developed countries in the management of floating population. Put forward the multi-governance pattern of government, community and grass-roots organizations at the subject level; realize the equalization of basic public services of floating population at the object level; take the law as the main way to form the concrete path of comprehensive management. With a view to the management of floating population towards the legal management of floating population.
【學位授予單位】：湘潭大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2012
【分類號】：D631.42;D922.1
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