【摘要】：目的:研究道路交通事故死亡的流行病學(xué)特點和人體損傷機制;探討道路交通事故與駕駛員血酒精含量關(guān)系及其法醫(yī)學(xué)意義,為預(yù)防、控制道路交通事故和創(chuàng)傷急救提供重要依據(jù)。方法:對2004年昆明地區(qū)道路交通事故死亡366例法醫(yī)病理檢驗鑒定資料及2005份道路交通事故肇事駕駛員血酒精檢測鑒定資料進行系統(tǒng)分析性研究。結(jié)果:昆明地區(qū)2004年萬車事故率高于全國和省內(nèi),10萬人口死亡率、百公里死亡率、校正后的綜合事故率高于云南省平均水平。本組死亡年齡分布呈偏態(tài)分布,25～54歲占死亡人數(shù)的58%。死亡事故的時間分布19～0時最高,占29.2%,其次是13～18時(23.2%)。擠壓傷與砸壓傷車內(nèi)人員高于車外人員。機動車駕駛員面骨骨折高于行人2.3倍。貨車與拖拉機造成開放型顱腦損傷是其他車輛的3-5倍,碾壓傷是其他車輛的1-2倍。轎車肇事顱腦損傷比例高于其它車輛,顱骨、面骨骨折的比例低于其他肇事車輛。酒后駕車占肇事總量的34.3%,死亡占總數(shù)的11.1%。飲酒駕車以男性為主,女性飲酒駕車出現(xiàn)醉酒駕車的比例與男性無差別。市區(qū)駕駛員醉酒駕車高于郊區(qū)。酒后駕車肇事比例隨著駕駛員血酒精含量增高而增大,出現(xiàn)死亡的比例也隨之增加。建立了道路交通事故現(xiàn)場死亡與體表損傷和骨骼骨折的logistic回歸方程,現(xiàn)場死亡相關(guān)的損傷依次為脊柱骨折、骨盆骨折、頭頸部體表損傷等。結(jié)論:昆明地區(qū)道路交通事故發(fā)生率高于全國平均水平和省內(nèi)其他地區(qū);不同車輛導(dǎo)致?lián)p傷的特點有所不同,貨車與拖拉機造成復(fù)合型損傷高于其他車輛,轎車造成顱腦損傷比例高于其他車輛,但顱骨、面骨骨折比例低于其他車輛;現(xiàn)場死亡與損傷的logistic回歸方程中現(xiàn)場死亡與脊柱骨折相關(guān)性最大;昆明地區(qū)酒后駕車明顯高于全國平均水平,女性飲酒駕車出現(xiàn)醉酒駕車的比例與男性無差別,市區(qū)駕駛員醉酒駕車高于郊區(qū),酒后駕車肇事比例隨著駕駛員血酒精含量增高而增大,出現(xiàn)死亡的比例也隨之增加。
[Abstract]:Objective: to study the epidemiological characteristics and human injury mechanism of road traffic accident death, to explore the relationship between road traffic accident and driver's blood alcohol content and its forensic significance. Control of road traffic accidents and trauma emergency to provide an important basis. Methods: the data of 366-cases of road traffic accident deaths in Kunming in 2004 and 2005 cases of blood alcohol detection and identification data of drivers involved in road traffic accidents were studied systematically and analytically. Results: the accident rate of ten thousand vehicles in Kunming in 2004 was higher than that in the whole country and province. The death rate of 100000 people and 100 kilometers was higher than the average level of Yunnan province. The age distribution of death was skewed, and the age of 25 ~ 54 years accounted for 58% of the total number of deaths. The time distribution of death accidents was the highest in 19 ~ 0 hours, accounting for 29.2cm, followed by 13 ~ 18:00 (23.2%). The crush injury and crushing injury were higher in the vehicle than outside the vehicle. The facial bone fracture of motor vehicle driver was 2.3 times higher than that of pedestrian. The open craniocerebral injury caused by trucks and tractors was 3-5 times of that of other vehicles and 1-2 times of that of other vehicles. The proportion of craniocerebral injury caused by car was higher than that of other vehicles, and the fracture rate of skull and facial bone was lower than that of other vehicle. Drunk driving accounted for 34.3% of the total number of accidents and death accounted for 11.1% of the total number of accidents. The proportion of drunk driving in women was not different from that in men. Urban drivers drive more drunk than in suburbs. The proportion of drunken driving accidents increased with the increase of alcohol content in driver's blood, and the death rate also increased. The logistic regression equation of road traffic accident site death and body surface injury and bone fracture was established. The related injuries were spinal fracture, pelvic fracture, head and neck surface injury and so on. Conclusion: the incidence of road traffic accidents in Kunming is higher than the national average and other areas in the province, the characteristics of injuries caused by different vehicles are different, the compound injuries caused by trucks and tractors are higher than those of other vehicles. The proportion of craniocerebral injury caused by sedan was higher than that of other vehicles, but the ratio of skull and facial fracture was lower than that of other vehicles. The logistic regression equation of field death and injury had the highest correlation with spinal fracture. Drunk driving in Kunming is obviously higher than the national average. The proportion of drunk driving in women is no different from that in men, and the proportion of drunk driving in urban areas is higher than that in suburban areas. The proportion of drunken driving accidents increased with the increase of alcohol content in driver's blood, and the death rate also increased.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：昆明醫(yī)學(xué)院
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2005
【分類號】：D919

【引證文獻】

相關(guān)碩士學(xué)位論文 前2條

1 劉思思;關(guān)于我國酒后駕駛?cè)胱锏乃伎糩D];中國政法大學(xué);2010年

2 黃開勇;桂林市道路交通傷害的流行病學(xué)研究及GIS空間分析[D];廣西醫(yī)科大學(xué);2012年

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本文編號：2264876