【摘要】： 職務(wù)經(jīng)濟(jì)犯罪是當(dāng)今官吏腐敗和司法腐敗的主流，被稱(chēng)為中國(guó)頭號(hào)的社會(huì)問(wèn)題。研究職務(wù)經(jīng)濟(jì)犯罪動(dòng)機(jī)與成因?qū)︻A(yù)防職務(wù)經(jīng)濟(jì)犯罪具有相當(dāng)重要的意義。 本次研究重點(diǎn)訪談了30多名具有一定代表性的職務(wù)經(jīng)濟(jì)犯罪人，并通過(guò)設(shè)計(jì)專(zhuān)門(mén)問(wèn)卷調(diào)查了400名職務(wù)經(jīng)濟(jì)犯罪人，在此基礎(chǔ)上對(duì)職務(wù)經(jīng)濟(jì)犯罪動(dòng)機(jī)與客觀因素、主觀因素、環(huán)境壓力激勵(lì)需要因素之間根本性的、直接的、間接的聯(lián)系進(jìn)行分析和比較，分門(mén)別類(lèi)綜合考察動(dòng)機(jī)成因。 研究主要結(jié)論有五點(diǎn)： 1、組織因素中的監(jiān)督乏力、制度缺陷、不良風(fēng)氣是誘發(fā)、形成犯罪動(dòng)機(jī)的很重要原因。主要表現(xiàn)有三個(gè)層次，距離最近的相連層次是客體滿(mǎn)足主體的需要，為主體所利用，組織因素相對(duì)于需要因素來(lái)講，具有明顯的壓力激勵(lì)的作用，對(duì)需要的萌動(dòng)和發(fā)展方向具有激發(fā)和誘導(dǎo)的力量，在哲學(xué)意義上具有最終的決定作用。第二個(gè)層次，相對(duì)于個(gè)體因素來(lái)說(shuō)，行為人通過(guò)對(duì)組織環(huán)境因素的觀察學(xué)習(xí)、替代強(qiáng)化，可以能動(dòng)地將組織因素內(nèi)化為相應(yīng)的價(jià)值取向、個(gè)性特點(diǎn)和人際交往傾向等主觀因素，，并成為影響需要、動(dòng)機(jī)的中介自我調(diào)節(jié)要素。第三個(gè)層次，組織因素是犯罪動(dòng)機(jī)轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)榉缸镄袨榈谋貍湎嚓P(guān)條件，它以整體的、宏觀的層面來(lái)影響動(dòng)機(jī)，以權(quán)力包圍稀缺資源為核心，向職務(wù)經(jīng)濟(jì)犯罪提供了一切機(jī)會(huì)。 2、在個(gè)體意義上，個(gè)體因素對(duì)犯罪動(dòng)機(jī)的形成具有決定作用，其迷失人格、自私重財(cái)?shù)膬r(jià)值取向、冒險(xiǎn)失責(zé)的個(gè)性特點(diǎn)、外向權(quán)宜的交際傾向?qū)Τ删托枰�、�?quán)力需要具有顯著的中介自我調(diào)節(jié)作用，促使其形成相應(yīng)的職務(wù)經(jīng)濟(jì)犯罪動(dòng)機(jī)。 3、成就需要、權(quán)力需要一方面接受組織因素的環(huán)境壓力激勵(lì)，另一方面，又能動(dòng)地接受個(gè)體因素的中介自我調(diào)節(jié)，由需要演化為欲動(dòng)，最終演變?yōu)槁殑?wù)經(jīng)濟(jì)犯罪動(dòng)機(jī)。 4、組織因素以“權(quán)力”為中心，個(gè)體因素以“自我”為中心，需要因素以“獲利”為中心，三個(gè)中心的相互作用，形成以權(quán)謀私的職務(wù)經(jīng)濟(jì)犯罪動(dòng)機(jī)。 5、職務(wù)經(jīng)濟(jì)犯罪動(dòng)機(jī)是很復(fù)雜的，其包括三個(gè)因素(易激惹、欲求不滿(mǎn)、理由化)、十種心理(吃虧補(bǔ)償、投資回報(bào)、嫉妒攀比、從眾合流、及時(shí)行樂(lè)、孤注一擲、人之常情、法不責(zé)眾、為公無(wú)過(guò)、僥幸過(guò)關(guān))。本研究在對(duì)結(jié)果討論的基礎(chǔ)上提出進(jìn)一步研究的問(wèn)題和方法的啟示。
[Abstract]:Official economic crime is the mainstream of official corruption and judicial corruption, which is called the number one social problem in China. It is very important to study the motive and cause of the crime of duty economy to prevent the crime of duty economy. This study focuses on interviews with more than 30 representative job-related economic offenders, and through a special questionnaire survey of 400 job-related economic offenders, on the basis of this, the motivation and objective factors of job-related economic crimes, subjective factors, The essential, direct and indirect relationship between environmental pressure incentive factors is analyzed and compared. The main conclusions of the study are as follows: 1. The weak supervision, institutional defects and unhealthy atmosphere in the organizational factors are the important reasons for inducing and forming the motive of crime. There are three main levels of performance, the closest to the next level is the object to meet the needs of the subject, used by the subject, organizational factors relative to the needs of factors, has a clear role of pressure incentives, It has the power to stimulate and induce the necessary initiation and development direction, and it plays the final decisive role in the philosophical sense. The second level, relative to individual factors, the actor can dynamically internalize organizational factors into subjective factors, such as value orientation, personality characteristics and interpersonal tendency, by observing and learning organizational environmental factors, instead of strengthening them. And become the influence needs, motivation of the intermediary self-regulation elements. At the third level, the organizational factor is the necessary relevant condition for the crime motive to change into the criminal behavior. It influences the motive on the whole and macroscopic level, and takes the power encircling the scarce resources as the core, which provides all the opportunities for the crime of duty economy. (2) in the individual sense, the individual factors play a decisive role in the formation of the criminal motive, their lost personality, the value orientation of selfishness and wealth, the personality characteristics of risk-taking and default, the extroverted and expedient tendency to communicate needs the achievement; Power needs to play a significant role in mediating self-regulation and promoting the formation of corresponding motive of duty economy crime. On the one hand, power needs to accept the environmental pressure of organizational factors, on the other hand, it actively accepts the intermediary self-regulation of individual factors, which evolves from need to desire, and finally to the motive of crime of duty economy. 4. The organizational factors are centered on "power", the individual factors are "self", the need factors are "profit" as the center, and the interaction of the three centers forms the motive of economic crime of using power for personal gain. 5. The motive for job-related economic crimes is very complex, which includes three factors (irritable, dissatisfied, and justified), ten kinds of psychology (compensation for losses, return on investment, jealousy and comparison, conformity with the crowd, instant enjoyment, desperate bets, and common sense). The law does not blame the public, for the public has no past, lucky pass). On the basis of the discussion of the results, this study puts forward some questions and methods for further study.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：浙江大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2002
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：D917

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