【摘要】： 人體氣味是具有個體特征的生物信息,是警犬追蹤、氣味鑒別等刑偵技術(shù)的基礎(chǔ)。長期以來我國對警犬的訓(xùn)練及使用作了許多研究,取得了不少成績,但是能否在不破壞證物的前提下收集到更多的犯罪現(xiàn)場遺留氣味;警犬鑒別結(jié)果是否可信,能否作為法庭證據(jù);能否用儀器鑒別不同的個體,在國內(nèi)外少有研究,為此,本試驗進行了以下幾個方面的研究。 1.用NJ-1型氣味提取器及直接吸附法分別提取人體氣味,樣品經(jīng)70μm乙烯二醇-二乙烯基苯共聚物萃取頭萃取,毛細管氣相色譜分析,所得出峰總數(shù)用SPSS13.0軟件進行配對T檢驗,P=0.281＞0.005,差異不顯著;色譜圖經(jīng)色譜指紋圖譜相似度軟件分析,相似度大于91%。說明氣味提取器和直接吸附法均可用于人體氣味的提取。通過比較色譜指紋圖譜八強峰及其面積,發(fā)現(xiàn)用氣味提取器提取6min即可獲得與直接吸附30min相同的提取效果,且氣味提取器對主峰物質(zhì)提取的效果更好。 2.選用5頭已通過鑒別考試的德國牧羊犬,根據(jù)“配對-非配對”方法鑒別人體氣味。試驗結(jié)果表明:溫度在5-25℃范圍內(nèi),警犬鑒別人體氣味的成功率平均為83.2%;對不同溫度范圍內(nèi)警犬鑒別人體氣味的成功率進行方差分析,差異不顯著;對于延時不同時間的氣味進行分析,發(fā)現(xiàn)延時6h之內(nèi)的氣味鑒別成功率高達82%,其鑒別結(jié)果的可信度高于國家法庭規(guī)定的可信度不低于4.3的要求。 3.利用頂空固相微萃取-氣相色譜/質(zhì)譜法(SPME-GC/MS)分析了人體腋窩氣味。以標(biāo)準(zhǔn)品十七烷進行定位,通過譜圖分析和相對保留時間計算,確定了八強峰。根據(jù)八強峰和指紋圖譜分區(qū)相似度對指紋圖譜進行分析比較,建立了區(qū)別不同個體的新方法。該方法能較全面地反映人體氣味的特征峰和整體信息,初步探討了用儀器鑒別不同個體的可能性。
[Abstract]:Human smell is a biological information with individual characteristics, which is the basis of police dog tracking, odour identification and other criminal detection techniques. For a long time, our country has done a lot of research on the training and use of police dogs, and has made a lot of achievements, but whether we can collect more residual odors from the crime scene without destroying the evidence, and whether the results of the identification of police dogs are credible, Whether it can be used as forensic evidence and whether to identify different individuals with instruments is seldom studied at home and abroad. For this reason, the following aspects have been studied in this experiment. 1. The smell of human body was extracted by NJ-1 type odour extractor and direct adsorption method. The samples were extracted by 70 渭 m ethylene diol divinylbenzene copolymer extractor and analyzed by capillary gas chromatography. The total number of peaks was analyzed by SPSS13.0 software, and the similarity of chromatogram was greater than 91g by analyzing the similarity of chromatographic fingerprint spectrum by using SPSS13.0 software for paired T test (P < 0. 0281 > 0. 005), and the difference was not significant (P < 0. 005). It is shown that both the odour extractor and the direct adsorption method can be used for the extraction of human scent. By comparing the eight strong peaks and their areas of chromatographic fingerprint, it was found that the extraction effect of 6min with odour extractor was the same as that of direct adsorption of 30min, and the effect of odour extractor on extraction of main peak material was better. 2. Five German Shepherds who had passed the identification test were selected to identify human odors by pairing-non-pairing method. The results showed that the average success rate of dogs in identifying human odors was 83.2 in the range of 5-25 鈩，

本文編號：2232756