【摘要】：在我國司法改革不斷深入發(fā)展的背景下，伴隨著我國訴訟制度的改革和訴訟價值取向的轉(zhuǎn)變，司法鑒定作為司法訴訟中不可或缺的一部分，日益為人們所認(rèn)識并加以利用，有時甚至成為案件定性的依據(jù)。但由于歷史的積淀、法律的滯后以及利益的掣肘，我國現(xiàn)行的司法鑒定制度存在著許多弊端，如司法鑒定管理工作混亂，鑒定結(jié)論出現(xiàn)了多頭鑒定、重復(fù)鑒定、以及虛假鑒定等諸多問題，使大量案件懸而不決，造成當(dāng)事人意見很大，甚至上訪上告而形成熱點(diǎn)問題，這些都嚴(yán)重地?fù)p害了司法鑒定的公信力，影響了司法公正與效率。如何解決這一系列的問題，建立一套科學(xué)性、客觀性、權(quán)威性、中立性的司法鑒定制度，是當(dāng)前我國司法鑒定領(lǐng)域工作的重中之重。本文從司法鑒定的基礎(chǔ)理論出發(fā)，同時對國外司法鑒定制度的介紹，綜合分析我國司法鑒定制度建立過程及目前面臨的主要問題，以期提出我國司法鑒定改革的進(jìn)路。本文第一部分闡明了司法鑒定及司法鑒定制度的定義，并對其法理學(xué)內(nèi)涵的進(jìn)行探討，同時介紹近年來司法界理論界的專家學(xué)者對司法鑒定制度改革的學(xué)說，著重對其中主流的觀點(diǎn)如“一元制說”、“多元制說”、“一元多極說”等進(jìn)行了介紹，以期能在理論上使讀者對司法鑒定制度有比較深入的了解。第二部分介紹了國外目前兩大法系國家——大陸法系及英美法系的司法鑒定制度及各自特點(diǎn)，并結(jié)合法、德、意、日、英、美等主要國家中的司法鑒定制度，，詳細(xì)加以說明。最后對兩大法系下的司法鑒定制度的特點(diǎn)進(jìn)行總結(jié)，指出西方各法制國家的司法鑒定制度的優(yōu)缺點(diǎn)及經(jīng)驗(yàn)教訓(xùn)，分析對于我國司法鑒定制度改革的可借鑒之處。第三部分系統(tǒng)回顧了我國司法鑒定制度的建立、改革、發(fā)展的過程，以及我國司法鑒定理論從無到有，不斷成熟發(fā)展的艱辛的歷程，分析目前司法鑒定領(lǐng)域中各種問題的歷史背景及社會原因。同時對我國目前司法鑒定的現(xiàn)狀加以說明，并對司法鑒定制度所面臨的問題予以分析，指出目前我國司法鑒定主問題主要有：缺乏與司法鑒定的相關(guān)的統(tǒng)一細(xì)化的法律及規(guī)章制度以及司法鑒定所依據(jù)的規(guī)范的鑒定標(biāo)準(zhǔn)、司法鑒定的管理體制尚不健全；司法鑒定的啟動程序仍不明晰；鑒定機(jī)構(gòu)及鑒定人的準(zhǔn)入、監(jiān)督及退出的管理機(jī)制尚不科學(xué)等方面問題，以提出有會對性的解決方案。本文第四部分指出我國司法鑒定制度改革的目標(biāo),實(shí)施的原則，以及我國司法鑒定制度改革的具體方式。即通過完善司法鑒定所依賴的法律法規(guī)，細(xì)化行業(yè)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)及規(guī)范運(yùn)行準(zhǔn)則；完善司法鑒定的啟動主體和鑒定人權(quán)利的法律制度；對司法鑒定的管理體制進(jìn)行革新；完善鑒定人員及鑒定機(jī)構(gòu)的準(zhǔn)入及監(jiān)督制度，構(gòu)建出有中國特色的科學(xué)的社會主義司法鑒定體系。
[Abstract]:With the continuous development of judicial reform in China, along with the reform of the litigation system and the change of the value orientation of litigation, judicial expertise, as an indispensable part of judicial proceedings, is increasingly recognized and utilized by people, and sometimes even becomes the basis for the qualitative determination of cases. As well as the hindrance of interests, the current judicial expertise system in China has many drawbacks, such as the confusion of judicial expertise management, the emergence of multiple expertise, duplicate expertise, and false expertise, and many other problems, so that a large number of cases are pending, resulting in a great deal of opinions of the parties, and even petitions and petitions to form a hot issue. How to solve these problems and establish a set of scientific, objective, authoritative and neutral judicial expertise system is the most important work in the field of judicial expertise in our country. The first part of this article clarifies the definition of judicial expertise and judicial expertise system, discusses its jurisprudence connotation, and introduces the theoretical circles of judicial circles in recent years. Experts and scholars on the reform of the system of judicial expertise, focusing on the mainstream views such as the "one system theory", "multi-system theory", "one multi-polarity theory" and so on, in order to enable readers to have a more in-depth understanding of the system of judicial expertise in theory. The system of judicial expertise in the civil law system and the common law system and their respective characteristics are described in detail in combination with the system of judicial expertise in France, Germany, Italy, Japan, Britain and the United States. The third part systematically reviews the establishment, reform and development of the judicial expertise system in China, as well as the arduous course of the development of the theory of judicial expertise from scratch, and analyzes the historical background and social reasons of various problems in the field of judicial expertise. At the same time, it explains the current situation of judicial expertise in China, and analyzes the problems faced by the system of judicial expertise, pointing out that the main problems of judicial expertise in China are the lack of unified and detailed laws and regulations related to judicial expertise, the standard of expertise on which judicial expertise is based, and the problems of judicial expertise. The fourth part of this article points out the goal of the reform of the judicial expertise system, the principles of its implementation and the judicial lessons learned in China. The specific ways to reform the customized system are as follows: perfecting the laws and regulations on which judicial expertise relies, refining the trade standards and operating norms; perfecting the legal system of the rights of the initiator and the expert; reforming the management system of judicial expertise; perfecting the access and supervision system of the expert and appraisal institutions. Constructing a scientific socialist judicial expertise system with Chinese characteristics.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：遼寧師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2012
【分類號】：D918.9

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本文編號：2217520