論少年犯罪與社區(qū)矯正
發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-08-14 10:49
【摘要】： 伴隨著人類文明的進(jìn)程,世界各國(guó)在不斷地進(jìn)行刑罰制度的改革和更新,嘗試著用最人道、最有效、最文明的方式處理犯罪和犯罪人,社區(qū)矯正就是在這種背景下誕生的一種新的刑罰方式。從國(guó)際社會(huì)的發(fā)展趨勢(shì)來看,刑罰制度在堅(jiān)持監(jiān)禁的同時(shí),開始大量適用非監(jiān)禁刑,許多國(guó)家適用社區(qū)矯正的人數(shù)大大超過監(jiān)禁人數(shù),美國(guó)、英國(guó)、香港等國(guó)家和地區(qū)在刑事立法和司法中已經(jīng)確立了社區(qū)矯正法律制度,這一制度根據(jù)社會(huì)生活的改變和犯罪情況的變化,逐步發(fā)展、演變,不斷調(diào)整和完善,成為目前有法律明確規(guī)定、適用刑種多樣、有專門機(jī)構(gòu)和人員進(jìn)行管理監(jiān)督、有關(guān)社會(huì)組織參與、矯正措施規(guī)范、行刑效果理想的較為完備的法律制度。英、美等國(guó)在社區(qū)矯正制度中確立的保護(hù)公眾的安全和利益、矯正和適當(dāng)懲罰相結(jié)合、注重犯罪對(duì)受害者的傷害和影響、是犯罪人再社會(huì)化及預(yù)防和減少重新違法犯罪等矯正原則,得到世界各國(guó)刑事司法界的一致推崇。國(guó)外社區(qū)矯正之所以能在現(xiàn)代社會(huì)被西方國(guó)家普遍接受和采納,是因?yàn)槠浔澈蟀巳舾缮顚哟魏侠淼睦碚摶A(chǔ),蘊(yùn)含著豐富的價(jià)值理念。 在我國(guó)社會(huì)轉(zhuǎn)型期,少年違法犯罪呈現(xiàn)出新的高發(fā)態(tài)勢(shì)和一系列新的特征,已成為迫切需要解決的世界性社會(huì)問題。我國(guó)對(duì)違法犯罪少年的傳統(tǒng)矯正模式在新形勢(shì)下遇到了嚴(yán)峻挑戰(zhàn),不能有效地發(fā)揮矯正功能。犯罪原因的多元性、多層次性以及少年自身的特殊性決定了必須對(duì)少年犯采取更為科學(xué)和人性化的矯正方式,而社區(qū)矯正正是當(dāng)今世界各國(guó)普遍采用的一種行之有效的矯正方式。 本文聯(lián)系少年犯罪高發(fā)的現(xiàn)狀,剖析傳統(tǒng)矯正模式的不足,論證對(duì)少年犯適用社區(qū)矯正的必要性及可行性;并針對(duì)我國(guó)少年犯社區(qū)矯正中存在的問題,借鑒國(guó)外少年犯社區(qū)矯正的成功經(jīng)驗(yàn),提出了我國(guó)少年犯社區(qū)矯正的構(gòu)想。 本文共3.95萬字,共分為六個(gè)部分 一、少年犯社區(qū)矯正概述。該部分分為三段內(nèi)容。第一段內(nèi)容結(jié)合我國(guó)法律規(guī)定,通過對(duì)“青少年”、“未成年人”、“少年”這三個(gè)詞的內(nèi)涵和外延的分析和辨別,闡明本文論述的社區(qū)矯正的對(duì)象是己滿14周歲不滿18周歲的未成年人。而我國(guó)現(xiàn)階段社區(qū)矯正的未成年犯即少年犯。第二段內(nèi)容從理論和法規(guī)兩方面闡釋社區(qū)矯正的定義,從而明確社區(qū)矯正的性質(zhì)是一種非監(jiān)禁的社會(huì)化的刑罰執(zhí)行方式,社區(qū)矯正的主體應(yīng)當(dāng)是司法行政機(jī)關(guān)。在此基礎(chǔ)上,筆者又進(jìn)一步提出了少年犯社區(qū)矯正的定義。第三段內(nèi)容則是論述少年犯社區(qū)矯正的理論依據(jù):刑罰謙抑思想、刑法人道主義、重新獲得資格理論以及功利主義思想。 二、少年犯罪的現(xiàn)狀、特點(diǎn)及原因分析。該部分分為兩段內(nèi)容。第一段內(nèi)容通過剖析我國(guó)少年犯罪的現(xiàn)狀和特點(diǎn)說明目前我國(guó)少年犯罪形勢(shì)的嚴(yán)峻,少年犯罪呈現(xiàn)犯罪低齡化、團(tuán)伙化、總量持續(xù)增長(zhǎng)以及重新犯罪數(shù)量逐年增多的趨勢(shì),尤其是少年重新犯罪數(shù)量逐年增多,出現(xiàn)了“二進(jìn)宮”、“三進(jìn)宮”現(xiàn)象。第二段內(nèi)容則具體從社會(huì)、家庭、學(xué)校、個(gè)人原因來分析少年犯罪的原因。總的來說,以上所有的內(nèi)容都是為第三部分論述對(duì)少年犯適用社區(qū)矯正的必要性和可行性作鋪墊。 三、我國(guó)對(duì)少年犯適用社區(qū)矯正的必要性和可行性分析。該部分分為兩段內(nèi)容。第一段內(nèi)容主要是分析傳統(tǒng)矯正模式的不足(如:標(biāo)簽效應(yīng)、監(jiān)獄亞文化影響、交叉感染、與社會(huì)的完全隔離阻礙少年的再社會(huì)化)以及論述社區(qū)矯正制度的價(jià)值及意義。第二段內(nèi)容從分別從社會(huì)學(xué)角度(通過對(duì)社會(huì)化與少年犯罪和社區(qū)矯正功能與社區(qū)矯正兩方面的分析來進(jìn)行論述)和我國(guó)現(xiàn)實(shí)狀況(如:有深厚的思想基礎(chǔ)、有完善的合作體系成果、已經(jīng)取得了一些經(jīng)驗(yàn)等)兩部分對(duì)少年犯社區(qū)矯正的必要性和可行性進(jìn)行論述。 四、世界一些國(guó)家及地區(qū)未成年方社區(qū)矯正的實(shí)踐模式。本部分分別引述了美國(guó)、英國(guó)和香港特別行政區(qū)實(shí)行少年犯社區(qū)矯正的概況,并總結(jié)和分析了以上三個(gè)國(guó)家和地區(qū)少年犯社區(qū)矯正模式的共通之處,繼而筆者希望我國(guó)在構(gòu)建社區(qū)矯正模式時(shí),能根據(jù)實(shí)際情況予以借鑒并引進(jìn)境外一些先進(jìn)的項(xiàng)目和做法。 五、我國(guó)少年犯社區(qū)矯正實(shí)踐及不足。該部分分為五段內(nèi)容。第一段內(nèi)容是概述我國(guó)實(shí)行少年犯社區(qū)矯正的歷史。第二段和第三段內(nèi)容分別引述了上海、北京的少年犯社區(qū)矯正實(shí)踐概況。第四段內(nèi)容是介紹其他地區(qū)一些有特色的實(shí)踐模式。最后一段內(nèi)容則是論述我國(guó)少年犯社區(qū)矯正的不足之處(如:現(xiàn)行的關(guān)于對(duì)未成年犯執(zhí)行刑罰的法規(guī)不足、社區(qū)管理落后、社區(qū)矯正的實(shí)施體制尚不能很好適應(yīng)矯正的需要、缺乏有針對(duì)性的矯正計(jì)劃和實(shí)施方案、缺乏適合未成年人特點(diǎn)的社區(qū)矯正項(xiàng)目、矯正者的專業(yè)水平普遍不高等)。 六、我國(guó)少年犯社區(qū)矯正模式的構(gòu)建。該部分分為五個(gè)部分。這五段內(nèi)容分別從矯正法規(guī)的制定完善、少年犯社區(qū)矯正主體和項(xiàng)目的完善(包括對(duì)現(xiàn)有項(xiàng)目的完善和對(duì)國(guó)外項(xiàng)目的引進(jìn))、法律監(jiān)督和刑事污點(diǎn)消滅等五個(gè)方面進(jìn)行闡述,力求能夠盡可能有效地開展少年犯社區(qū)矯正,保護(hù)少年犯的合法權(quán)利,是他們最大程度的社會(huì)化,最終順利回歸社會(huì)。 以上內(nèi)容如有錯(cuò)漏之處,敬請(qǐng)老師指正。
[Abstract]:Along with the progress of human civilization, countries all over the world are constantly carrying out the reform and renewal of the penalty system, trying to deal with crimes and offenders in the most humane, effective and civilized way. Community correction is a new penalty method born under this background. From the development trend of the international community, the penalty system is insisting on prison. At the same time, a large number of non-custodial penalties have been applied, and the number of community corrections applied in many countries has greatly exceeded the number of prisoners. The United States, Britain, Hong Kong and other countries and regions have established the legal system of community corrections in criminal legislation and justice. This system has gradually developed and evolved in accordance with the changes in social life and crime situation. Constantly adjusting and perfecting, it has become a relatively complete legal system, which is clearly stipulated in the law, applicable to a wide range of punishments, including specialized agencies and personnel for management and supervision, participation of relevant social organizations, standardization of corrective measures, and ideal execution effect. Combining appropriate punishment and paying attention to the harm and influence of crime on the victim is the rectification principle of re-socialization of the offender and prevention and reduction of re-offence, which is highly praised by the criminal judicial circles all over the world. A number of deep and reasonable theoretical foundations contain rich values.
In the period of social transformation in China, juvenile delinquency shows a new trend of high incidence and a series of new characteristics, which has become an urgent need to solve the world social problems. Secondary nature and the particularity of juveniles themselves determine that we must adopt a more scientific and humane way of correction for juvenile delinquents, and community correction is a common and effective way of correction in the world today.
Based on the current situation of high incidence of juvenile delinquency, this paper analyzes the shortcomings of the traditional correction model, demonstrates the necessity and feasibility of applying community correction to juvenile delinquents, and puts forward the concept of community correction for juvenile delinquents in China by referring to the successful experience of community correction abroad.
There are 3.95 words in this article, which are divided into six parts.
The first part is about the analysis and discrimination of the connotation and denotation of the three words "teenager", "minor" and "juvenile". It clarifies that the object of community correction discussed in this paper is the minor who has reached the age of 14 and is under the age of 18. The second paragraph explains the definition of community correction from both theoretical and legal aspects, so as to clarify the nature of community correction is a non-imprisonment socialized penalty execution, and the main body of community correction should be the judicial administrative organs. The third paragraph discusses the theoretical basis of community correction of juvenile offenders: the idea of penal modesty, the humanitarianism of criminal law, the theory of re-qualification and utilitarianism.
Secondly, the present situation, characteristics and causes of juvenile delinquency are analyzed. This part is divided into two parts. The first part explains the serious situation of juvenile delinquency in our country through the analysis of the present situation and characteristics of juvenile delinquency. Juvenile delinquency shows the trend of juvenile delinquency becoming younger, organized, the total amount of juvenile delinquency increasing continuously and the number of recidivism increasing year by year, The second paragraph analyzes the causes of juvenile delinquency from the social, family, school and personal reasons. In general, all the above contents are to pave the way for the necessity and feasibility of applying community correction to juvenile delinquents in the third part. Pads.
Third, the necessity and feasibility of applying community correction to juvenile delinquents in China. This part is divided into two parts. The second part is about the community of juvenile delinquents from the sociological point of view (through the analysis of socialization and juvenile delinquency, community correction function and community correction) and the actual situation of our country (for example, there is a deep ideological foundation, there is a perfect cooperation system, and some experience has been gained). The necessity and feasibility of correction are discussed.
Fourthly, some countries and regions in the world adolescent community correction practice mode. This part quotes respectively the United States, Britain and Hong Kong Special Administrative Region to implement the general situation of community correction of juvenile offenders, and summarizes and analyzes the above three countries and regions juvenile community correction mode in common, and then I hope our country in the construction of community. In correcting mode, we can draw lessons from the actual situation and introduce some advanced projects and practices abroad.
Fifth, the practice and shortcomings of community correction of juvenile delinquents in China. This part is divided into five parts. The first part is an overview of the history of community correction of juvenile delinquents in China. The last paragraph discusses the shortcomings of community correction for juvenile delinquents in China (for example, the current laws and regulations on the execution of penalties for juvenile delinquents are inadequate, the community management is backward, the implementation system of community correction is still not well adapted to the needs of correction, the lack of targeted correction plans and implementation programs, the lack of suitable for juvenile characteristics. The community correction project of points is generally not high.
Sixth, the construction of community correction model for juvenile delinquents in China. This part is divided into five parts. These five paragraphs are elaborated from five aspects: the formulation and perfection of correction laws, the improvement of juvenile delinquent community correction subjects and projects (including the improvement of existing projects and the introduction of foreign projects), legal supervision and the elimination of criminal stains. The community correction of juvenile delinquents can be carried out as effectively as possible to protect the legitimate rights of juvenile delinquents.
If there are any mistakes in the above contents, please ask the teacher to correct them.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：西南政法大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2008
【分類號(hào)】：D926.8
本文編號(hào)：2182616
[Abstract]:Along with the progress of human civilization, countries all over the world are constantly carrying out the reform and renewal of the penalty system, trying to deal with crimes and offenders in the most humane, effective and civilized way. Community correction is a new penalty method born under this background. From the development trend of the international community, the penalty system is insisting on prison. At the same time, a large number of non-custodial penalties have been applied, and the number of community corrections applied in many countries has greatly exceeded the number of prisoners. The United States, Britain, Hong Kong and other countries and regions have established the legal system of community corrections in criminal legislation and justice. This system has gradually developed and evolved in accordance with the changes in social life and crime situation. Constantly adjusting and perfecting, it has become a relatively complete legal system, which is clearly stipulated in the law, applicable to a wide range of punishments, including specialized agencies and personnel for management and supervision, participation of relevant social organizations, standardization of corrective measures, and ideal execution effect. Combining appropriate punishment and paying attention to the harm and influence of crime on the victim is the rectification principle of re-socialization of the offender and prevention and reduction of re-offence, which is highly praised by the criminal judicial circles all over the world. A number of deep and reasonable theoretical foundations contain rich values.
In the period of social transformation in China, juvenile delinquency shows a new trend of high incidence and a series of new characteristics, which has become an urgent need to solve the world social problems. Secondary nature and the particularity of juveniles themselves determine that we must adopt a more scientific and humane way of correction for juvenile delinquents, and community correction is a common and effective way of correction in the world today.
Based on the current situation of high incidence of juvenile delinquency, this paper analyzes the shortcomings of the traditional correction model, demonstrates the necessity and feasibility of applying community correction to juvenile delinquents, and puts forward the concept of community correction for juvenile delinquents in China by referring to the successful experience of community correction abroad.
There are 3.95 words in this article, which are divided into six parts.
The first part is about the analysis and discrimination of the connotation and denotation of the three words "teenager", "minor" and "juvenile". It clarifies that the object of community correction discussed in this paper is the minor who has reached the age of 14 and is under the age of 18. The second paragraph explains the definition of community correction from both theoretical and legal aspects, so as to clarify the nature of community correction is a non-imprisonment socialized penalty execution, and the main body of community correction should be the judicial administrative organs. The third paragraph discusses the theoretical basis of community correction of juvenile offenders: the idea of penal modesty, the humanitarianism of criminal law, the theory of re-qualification and utilitarianism.
Secondly, the present situation, characteristics and causes of juvenile delinquency are analyzed. This part is divided into two parts. The first part explains the serious situation of juvenile delinquency in our country through the analysis of the present situation and characteristics of juvenile delinquency. Juvenile delinquency shows the trend of juvenile delinquency becoming younger, organized, the total amount of juvenile delinquency increasing continuously and the number of recidivism increasing year by year, The second paragraph analyzes the causes of juvenile delinquency from the social, family, school and personal reasons. In general, all the above contents are to pave the way for the necessity and feasibility of applying community correction to juvenile delinquents in the third part. Pads.
Third, the necessity and feasibility of applying community correction to juvenile delinquents in China. This part is divided into two parts. The second part is about the community of juvenile delinquents from the sociological point of view (through the analysis of socialization and juvenile delinquency, community correction function and community correction) and the actual situation of our country (for example, there is a deep ideological foundation, there is a perfect cooperation system, and some experience has been gained). The necessity and feasibility of correction are discussed.
Fourthly, some countries and regions in the world adolescent community correction practice mode. This part quotes respectively the United States, Britain and Hong Kong Special Administrative Region to implement the general situation of community correction of juvenile offenders, and summarizes and analyzes the above three countries and regions juvenile community correction mode in common, and then I hope our country in the construction of community. In correcting mode, we can draw lessons from the actual situation and introduce some advanced projects and practices abroad.
Fifth, the practice and shortcomings of community correction of juvenile delinquents in China. This part is divided into five parts. The first part is an overview of the history of community correction of juvenile delinquents in China. The last paragraph discusses the shortcomings of community correction for juvenile delinquents in China (for example, the current laws and regulations on the execution of penalties for juvenile delinquents are inadequate, the community management is backward, the implementation system of community correction is still not well adapted to the needs of correction, the lack of targeted correction plans and implementation programs, the lack of suitable for juvenile characteristics. The community correction project of points is generally not high.
Sixth, the construction of community correction model for juvenile delinquents in China. This part is divided into five parts. These five paragraphs are elaborated from five aspects: the formulation and perfection of correction laws, the improvement of juvenile delinquent community correction subjects and projects (including the improvement of existing projects and the introduction of foreign projects), legal supervision and the elimination of criminal stains. The community correction of juvenile delinquents can be carried out as effectively as possible to protect the legitimate rights of juvenile delinquents.
If there are any mistakes in the above contents, please ask the teacher to correct them.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：西南政法大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2008
【分類號(hào)】：D926.8
【引證文獻(xiàn)】
相關(guān)碩士學(xué)位論文 前3條
1 張曉蘭;青少年越軌行為的社區(qū)矯正實(shí)務(wù)過程探析[D];吉林大學(xué);2012年
2 榮云;青少年社區(qū)矯正工作的社工介入研究[D];蘇州大學(xué);2012年
3 閆一石;系統(tǒng)視角下的青少年社區(qū)矯正社會(huì)工作研究[D];中國(guó)社會(huì)科學(xué)院研究生院;2012年
，本文編號(hào)：2182616
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