淺談我國(guó)司法鑒定現(xiàn)狀、問(wèn)題及完善構(gòu)想
發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-08-02 21:35
【摘要】：司法鑒定與審判制度、證據(jù)制度和司法制度有著緊密的聯(lián)系，作為我國(guó)司法制度的組成部分，具有司法公正的法律性、中立性、客觀性等基本屬性。同時(shí)，司法鑒定應(yīng)當(dāng)與我國(guó)證據(jù)制度相協(xié)調(diào)，無(wú)論其涉及的司法鑒定人、司法鑒定機(jī)構(gòu)以及鑒定原理、方法、標(biāo)準(zhǔn)等都需要嚴(yán)格遵循相關(guān)的法律規(guī)定。我國(guó)的司法鑒定隨著三大訴訟法的實(shí)施，經(jīng)過(guò)2005年全國(guó)人大常委會(huì)作出《關(guān)于司法鑒定管理的決定》的實(shí)質(zhì)性改革以后，形成了我國(guó)現(xiàn)有的司法鑒定人、司法鑒定機(jī)構(gòu)和司法鑒定制度。本文共分為四個(gè)部分：第一，對(duì)司法鑒定進(jìn)行基本的闡述。包括司法鑒定的定義及其內(nèi)涵、司法鑒定人及司法鑒定機(jī)構(gòu)的介紹和分類、我國(guó)司法鑒定類型的簡(jiǎn)介；第二，介紹了國(guó)外的司法鑒定制度的演變，包括大陸法系國(guó)家的職權(quán)主義模式及英美法系國(guó)家的專家證人制度，，同時(shí)介紹了我國(guó)司法鑒定制度的發(fā)展及現(xiàn)狀，包括鑒定的申請(qǐng)、決定、鑒定機(jī)構(gòu)的選擇、委托及司法鑒定意見(jiàn)的認(rèn)證制度；第三，針對(duì)我國(guó)現(xiàn)有司法鑒定的現(xiàn)狀結(jié)合司法實(shí)踐，提出了司法鑒定人、司法鑒定機(jī)構(gòu)及現(xiàn)有司法鑒定制度存在的問(wèn)題，包括司法鑒定人的執(zhí)業(yè)資格問(wèn)題、技術(shù)水平的良莠不齊、年齡結(jié)構(gòu)的不合理、法律意識(shí)的欠缺、司法鑒定人的兼職及職業(yè)道德問(wèn)題，司法鑒定人的出庭問(wèn)題；司法鑒定機(jī)構(gòu)的登記管理問(wèn)題、分布不均問(wèn)題、鑒定機(jī)構(gòu)的穩(wěn)定性問(wèn)題、忽略法律意識(shí)的問(wèn)題及鑒定機(jī)構(gòu)的等級(jí)問(wèn)題；司法鑒定機(jī)構(gòu)的準(zhǔn)入問(wèn)題、司法鑒定機(jī)構(gòu)的名冊(cè)問(wèn)題、司法鑒定的管理問(wèn)題、司法鑒定的應(yīng)用標(biāo)準(zhǔn)問(wèn)題、司法鑒定的重新鑒定問(wèn)題；第四，根據(jù)我國(guó)司法鑒定的實(shí)際情況，針對(duì)其所存在的問(wèn)題提出了完善構(gòu)想。
[Abstract]:Judicial appraisal is closely related to judicial system, evidence system and judicial system. As a part of our judicial system, it has the basic attributes of judicial justice, such as law, neutrality, objectivity and so on. At the same time, the judicial identification should be coordinated with the evidence system of our country, regardless of the judicial expert, the judicial appraisal organization, the appraisal principle, the method, the standard and so on, all need to strictly abide by the related law stipulation. With the implementation of the three major procedural laws, after the substantive reform of the "decision on the Administration of Judicial expertise" made by the standing Committee of the National people's Congress in 2005, our country's existing judicial experts have been formed. Institutions and systems of judicial expertise. This article is divided into four parts: first, the basic description of forensic expertise. Including the definition and connotation of judicial expertise, the introduction and classification of judicial experts and judicial expert institutions, the brief introduction of the types of judicial expertise in China; second, the introduction of the evolution of the judicial expertise system abroad. It also introduces the development and present situation of the judicial identification system in China, including the application, decision and the choice of the appraisal institution in the countries of the civil law system and the Anglo-American law system, including the functions and powers of the civil law system and the expert witness system in the common law system. Third, according to the current situation of judicial expertise in our country combined with judicial practice, put forward the problems of judicial experts, judicial expertise institutions and the existing system of judicial identification. It includes the problems of the qualification of the judicial expert, the uneven technical level, the unreasonable age structure, the lack of the legal consciousness, the part-time work and the professional ethics of the judicial expert, and the appearance of the judicial expert; The problems of the registration management, the uneven distribution, the stability of the appraisal institution, the neglect of the legal consciousness and the rank of the appraisal institution, the access problem of the judicial expert institution, the register of the judicial expert institution, the problem of the registration of the judicial expert institution, the problem of the stability of the appraisal institution, The management of judicial expertise, the application standard of judicial expertise, the re-identification of judicial expertise; fourth, according to the actual situation of judicial expertise in China, the author puts forward a perfect idea for its problems.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：遼寧師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2011
【分類號(hào)】：D918.9
[Abstract]:Judicial appraisal is closely related to judicial system, evidence system and judicial system. As a part of our judicial system, it has the basic attributes of judicial justice, such as law, neutrality, objectivity and so on. At the same time, the judicial identification should be coordinated with the evidence system of our country, regardless of the judicial expert, the judicial appraisal organization, the appraisal principle, the method, the standard and so on, all need to strictly abide by the related law stipulation. With the implementation of the three major procedural laws, after the substantive reform of the "decision on the Administration of Judicial expertise" made by the standing Committee of the National people's Congress in 2005, our country's existing judicial experts have been formed. Institutions and systems of judicial expertise. This article is divided into four parts: first, the basic description of forensic expertise. Including the definition and connotation of judicial expertise, the introduction and classification of judicial experts and judicial expert institutions, the brief introduction of the types of judicial expertise in China; second, the introduction of the evolution of the judicial expertise system abroad. It also introduces the development and present situation of the judicial identification system in China, including the application, decision and the choice of the appraisal institution in the countries of the civil law system and the Anglo-American law system, including the functions and powers of the civil law system and the expert witness system in the common law system. Third, according to the current situation of judicial expertise in our country combined with judicial practice, put forward the problems of judicial experts, judicial expertise institutions and the existing system of judicial identification. It includes the problems of the qualification of the judicial expert, the uneven technical level, the unreasonable age structure, the lack of the legal consciousness, the part-time work and the professional ethics of the judicial expert, and the appearance of the judicial expert; The problems of the registration management, the uneven distribution, the stability of the appraisal institution, the neglect of the legal consciousness and the rank of the appraisal institution, the access problem of the judicial expert institution, the register of the judicial expert institution, the problem of the registration of the judicial expert institution, the problem of the stability of the appraisal institution, The management of judicial expertise, the application standard of judicial expertise, the re-identification of judicial expertise; fourth, according to the actual situation of judicial expertise in China, the author puts forward a perfect idea for its problems.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：遼寧師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2011
【分類號(hào)】：D918.9
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